农业生产转型类型诊断及其对乡村振兴的启示——以黄淮海地区为例

城乡转型发展背景下,农业生产转型成为解析区域乡村人地关系演变的重要窗口。科学诊断中国传统农区农业生产转型的类型及其存在的核心问题,可为调控农业生产政策和完善乡村发展战略提供参考。论文以中国传统农区黄淮海地区为例,以农业生产转型的类型划分为突破口,系统诊断不同农业生产转型类型面临的困境及其破解方案。研究发现：“自上而下”和“自下而上”相结合的多尺度分析法是分析农业生产转型阶段差异的有效手段;空间弹性视角下,黄淮海地区农业生产转型类型可以划分为传统农耕型、现代市场型和城郊休闲型3类;传统农耕型地区耕地利用转型与农业劳动力转型的失调、缺乏核心产业支撑及实际城镇化率较低是限制乡村有序转型的关键问题;现代市场型地区不合理的土地利用状态和小农户的有效组织是当前亟需突破的难题;城郊休闲型地区完善农户的市场参与方式和降低资本风险是当前必须考虑的问题;针对各转型类型的差异化问题因地制宜科学施策,有利于推动乡村振兴战略的落实。

Types of agricultural production transformation and implications for rural vitalization: A case of the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain

Under the background of urban-rural transformation and development, transformation of agricultural production has become an important entry point for the analysis of the change of rural human-environment relationship in China. Identifying the types of agricultural production transformation in traditional farming areas and key problems will provide a reference for regulating agricultural production policies and improving rural development strategies. This study started with dividing the types of agricultural production transformation in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain (HHH), and then systematically analyzed the dilemmas faced by different agricultural production transformation types and solutions to the associated problems. The study found that: 1) The multi-scale analysis method combining "top-down" and "bottom-up" approaches is an effective means to analyze the differences in the transformation type of agricultural production. 2) From the perspective of spatial resilience, the types of agricultural production transformation in the HHH can be divided into traditional farming-oriented transformation type, modern market-oriented transformation type, and suburban leisure-oriented transformation type. 3) In the traditional farming-oriented transformation areas the imbalance of land use transition and rural labor force transformation, lack of core industrial support, and low actual urbanization rate are key issues that limit the orderly transformation of the rural areas. 4) The lagging land management system and inefficient organization of farmers in the modern market-oriented transformation areas are the problems that need to be solved at present. 5) Improving the market participation mode and reducing the capital risk of farmers in the suburban leisure-oriented transformation areas are the significant issues that must be considered. 6) In response to the different problems in the various types of agricultural production transformation areas, it is important to promote the implementation of the revitalization planning based on local conditions and scientific strategies.