1975—2015年甘肃省白龙江流域自然保护区生态系统服务价值及其时空差异

利用1975-2015年7期遥感数据重建甘肃省白龙江流域8个野生动物自然保护区的生态系统时空变化特征,并在对该研究区各类生态系统服务价值当量修订的基础上,采用生态系统服务价值评估模型和敏感性指数,对不同时期的生态系统服务价值进行评估。结果表明:(1)白龙江流域自然保护区以森林生态系统为主,研究期内生态系统格局总体稳定,农田和裸地生态系统面积减少,而森林、草地、水域和人工表面生态系统呈增加趋势,且在2000年后变化最活跃。(2)研究区生态系统服务价值由1975年的239.68×10^8元上升到2015年的243.58×10^8元,净增加3.90×10^8元,农田和裸地生态系统服务价值持续减少,而森林、草地和水域生态系统服务价值则呈增加趋势。(3)整体上,研究区南部生态系统服务价值呈增长趋势,而中北部地区则处于阶段性变化状态,文县大鲵自然保护区单位面积生态系统服务价值密度最高,多儿自然保护区价值密度最低,且为唯一衰退型保护区。(4)在不同生态系统服务类型中,调节服务居主导地位,且以气候调节服务价值最高。白龙江流域自然保护区生态系统服务价值缺乏弹性,水域生态系统面积变化对研究区生态系统服务价值的变化具有放大作用。

Spatial and Temporal Variation of Ecosystem Service Value in the Nature Reserves of Bailongjiang Watershed from 1975 to 2015

With seven periods of remote sensing data in 1975, 1990, 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010 and 2015, variations of ecosystem in 8 wild animal nature reserves in Bailongjiang Watershed were analyzed and based on the revision of the equivalent table of ecosystem service values, in combination with the methods of ecosystem service value evaluation model and sensitivity index, the ecosystem service value of different ecosystem types and ecosystem service types as well as ecosystem service value in these nature reserves were calculated. The results showed that: (1) The area of forest ecosystem took a dominant place in Bailongjiang Watershed nature reserves, and the ecosystem pattern had no obvious variation, which was mainly expressed as the area of farmland and bareland decreased,while forest, grassland, water and artificial increased. After 2000, the area variation of each ecosystem turned out to be the most active period. (2) The ecosystem services assessment showed that the total ecosystem service value increased 3.90×10⁸ RMB, which was from 239.68×10⁸ RMB in 1975 to 243.58×10⁸ RMB in 2015 over the study area. Among the ecosystem service value of different ecosystem types, farmland and bareland declined constantly,while forest, grassland and water continually increased. (3) On the whole, the ecosystem service value by per unit area was in a growing trend to the south, but in a state of phase change to the north central. Among these nature reserves, the value density of Wenxian Andrias davidianus nature reserve was the highest,while Duoer nature reserve not only had the lowest value,and was the only recessionary protected area. (4) Among different ecosystem service types, the leading position was occupied by regulating service, of which climate service was the main contributor of the ecosystem service value. The sensitivity analysis showed that the ecosystem service value in study area was inelastic, and the water area variation reflected by the value change rate of the ecosystem service change had a significant influence.