民用机场区域服务能力的结构与空间格局——以长江经济带民用机场体系为例

基于航空运输过程的完整性,认为民用机场对区域的服务能力取决于机场经由陆路集疏运体系与腹地的连通性,以及机场通过航线网络与其他机场的连通性两方面,据此构建了机场陆侧、空侧及综合服务能力评价方法。长江经济带民用机场体系的实证研究表明,机场间陆侧、空侧以及综合服务能力均呈明显差异,差异程度空侧显著高于陆侧,综合服务能力最低;长三角、长江中游和长江上游三大区域间机场差异与区域内部机场差异共同导致了经济带机场陆侧服务能力的总体差异,但区域内部机场间的差异是形成空侧和综合服务能力总体差异的主要因素;根据服务能力指数的自然间断,将机场划分为高、较高、中等、较低、低5个等级,则陆侧、空侧和综合服务能力等级结构均呈金字塔特征。在空间格局上,受陆路交通网络发展以及区域经济与人口密度等影响,陆侧服务能力由长三角往上游地区呈梯度下降态势;受机场所在城市经济社会特征、综合交通发展与竞争等的综合作用,空侧服务能力呈长三角与上游高于中游地区的“鞍形”格局;综合服务能力沪蓉、沪昆两大交通主轴串联的城市区域相对优于腹地,在三大区域则均存在明显的核心-外围格局,但总体水平由长三角往上游地区呈梯度递减。

Regional service capability structure and spatial pattern of civil airports: A case study of Yangtze River Economic Belt

Based on the integrity of air transportation process, this paper suggests that regional services capacity of civil airports should depend on the connectivity between airport and its hinterland through road transportation system, and the one between different airports through airline network. Based on this, the evaluation methods of airport landside, airside and comprehensive service capability were constructed. The empirical study shows that airport service capacities of landside, airside and comprehensive service are significantly different. The degree of difference in the airside is significantly higher than that of the landside, and the comprehensive service capacity is the lowest. The airport differences among the Yangtze River Delta, middle reaches of the Yangtze River and the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, along with airport differences within these regions are two main reasons accounting for overall landside service capacity differences of the Yangtze Economic Belt. However, differences among airports within the regions stand as the main contributors to the overall difference in airside service capacity and comprehensive service capacity. According to the natural interval of the index, the airport service capacity can be divided into five grades: high, relatively high, medium, relatively low, low, and the structure characteristic of landside, airside and comprehensive service capacity presents a pyramid type. In terms of spatial pattern, affected by the development of highway network, regional economy and population density, the service capability of landside is descending from the Yangtze River Delta to the upper reaches. Affected by the economic and social characteristics, integrated transportation development and competition, airside service capacity of the Yangtze River Delta and the upper reaches is higher than that of the middle reaches, presenting a "saddle shaped" pattern. Comprehensive service capacity in urban areas connected by Shanghai-Chengdu and Shanghai-Kunming axes is relatively higher than that of their hinterlands. There is an obvious core-periphery pattern in the three main regions, but the overall level is descending from the Yangtze River Delta to the upper reaches.