煤炭开采对泥河小流域土地利用及景观格局的影响

以淮南煤矿区泥河小流域1987、1994、2000、2006、2009、2013、2017年7期多源遥感影像为数据源，结合纹理和光谱特征，利用支持向量机（SVM）对遥感影像进行分类，在此基础上分析了煤炭开采对泥河小流域近30年土地利用和景观格局变化的影响。结果表明：煤炭开采影响下流域的土地利用变化最显著的特征是耕地和建设用地的相互转变及耕地向塌陷水体的转变，30年间塌陷水体和建设用地分别增加了2 281.05、14 741.73 hm²，耕地减少了15 044.67 hm²。采煤驱动下，流域景观格局变化特征体现在以2006年为转折点，前期呈现破碎化、不规则化、异质化和低连通性变化的特征，之后呈现连续化、规则化、均衡化及高连通性变化的特征。建设用地、耕地和塌陷水体经历了不断破碎化到景观逐渐完善的过程；耕地、建设用地和自然水体斑块形状较为复杂；耕地优势性逐渐减弱，最大斑块指数由79.706 0降为38.745 5，塌陷水体和建设用地的优势性增强。

Effects of coal exploitation on land use and landscape pattern of the Nihe watershed

Based on the seven phases multi-source remote sensing images of the 1987, 1994, 2000, 2006, 2009, 2013 and 2017 of the Nihe watershed in Huainan Coal Mine, the texture and the spectral features have been used to classify the remote sensing images by support vector machine (SVM). Based on this, the influence of coal mining on land kuse and landscape pattern change in Nihe watershed in recent 30 years is analyzed. The results show that the mining of coal mine has changed the land use pattern and type of the watershed, the most significant change is the mutual transformation of cultivated land and construction land and the transformation of cultivated land to the subsidence water. Over the past 30 years, the area of subsided water increases by 2 281.05 hm², the area of construction land increases by 14 741.73 hm², and the area of cultivated land decreases by 15 044.67 hm². Driven by coal mining, the overall landscape pattern of the Nihe watershed is turned into a turning point in 2006. It is characterized by fragmentation, irregularity, heterogeneity and low connectivity in the early stage, and then it is continuous, regularized, balanced and highly connected changing. The construction land, cultivated land and subsidence water have undergone the process of continuous fragmentation to the gradual improvement of the landscape, the plaque shape of cultivated land, construction land and natural water body is complex. The shape of forest land, garden land and subsidence water is relatively regular, cultivated land has always been in a dominant position, but its superiority is weakened. The maximum plaque index is reduced from 79.706 0 to 38.745 5, and the advantages of subsidence water and construction land are enhanced.