高速铁路情景下的俄罗斯远东铁路可达性及其空间效应研究

以俄罗斯远东联邦区的布拉戈维申斯克—符拉迪沃斯托克(布符)沿边铁路为研究对象,在高速铁路情景下,利用可达性指标测度高铁运行前(普铁)后(高铁)沿线节点的可达性动态变化,探讨该线路升级提速后对沿线各个节点的贡献作用与空间效应。研究表明：未来布符高铁的建设运营使其沿线可达性得到大幅提升,时空收敛获益多,8 h交流圈覆盖全线,可达性最优要素由末端城市(符拉迪沃斯托克)向线路中间城市(哈巴罗夫斯克)自南向北、继而向首端城市(布拉戈维申斯克)自东向西扩散,呈布符铁路首末可达性改善幅度大、部分中间线路可达性改善稍弱的空间特征。可达性的变化加速远东的西南沿边地区空间格局的演变与重塑,布符沿边高铁集散场的空间延拓、袭夺态势加剧;铁路轴带的空间极化加深,呈现新的“核心—边缘”格局;跨城流动性突显,加速空间对接与同城空间发展模式。

High-speed rail impact on regional accessibility and its spatial effects:A case study of the Blagoveshchensk-Vladivostok railway

Under the background of the Belt and Road and the economic corridor of China, Mongolia and Russia initiatives, this study examined the accessibility level and its spatial differentiation of the Blagoveshchensk-Vladivostok railway in the southwest border area of the Far East Federal District in Russia. We first evaluated the accessibility level of the Blagoveshchensk-Vladivostok railway. Then, change after the future operation of the Blagoveshchensk-Vladivostok high-speed rail (HSR) was projected with two accessibility indicators—weighted average time and economic potential. Spatial differentiation of the accessibility change was presented using ArcGIS. Finally, the spatial differentiation of accessibility change was used to reveal the change and reshaping of spatial patterns in the southwestern border area of the Far East Federal District in Russia. The results are as follows: 1) The operation of the Blagoveshchensk-Vladivostok HSR will greatly improve the accessibility level in the southwestern border area of the Far East Federal District in Russia. It will shorten the journey time to eight hours from Blagoveshchensk to Vladivostok. After the operation of the HSR, the increase rate of economic potential is significantly higher than the decrease rate of weighted average travel time. The weighted average travel time of the nodes along the HSR will decrease by about 68%, while the economic potential of the nodes along the HSR will increase by around 1009%. 2) Before and after the operation of the Blagoveshchensk-Vladivostok HSR, accessibility strength of various federal subjects in the Russian Far East Federal District differs: the Primorsky Territory > the Khabarovsk Territory > the Jewish Autonomous Area > the Amur Region. However, accessibility improvement of the Primorsky Territory, the Khabarovsk Territory, and the Jewish Autonomous Area will be weaker than that of the Amur Region. Spatially, accessibility optimal element shows a decreasing trend from Vladivostok via Khabarovsk to Blagoveshchensk. Accessibility improvement of the nodes at the beginning and end of the Blagoveshchensk-Vladivostok line is stronger than those in the middle of the line. 3) Affected by the Blagoveshchensk-Vladivostok HSR, the gradual change and reshaping of regional spatial patterns will become increasingly more complicated in the southwestern border area of the Far East Federal District in Russia. Spatial extension and competition of influencing areas will intensify in the Blagoveshchensk-Vladivostok HSR distribution field. Spatial polarization of the Blagoveshchensk-Vladivostok HSR line will further enhance, and a new pattern of center-periphery spatial system will appear. The spatial pattern of four regional service centers (Vladivostok, Khabarovsk, Blagoveshchensk, and Birobidzhan) will evolve into the dual-core pattern of two regional service centers (Vladivostok and Khabarovsk). Spatial integration will occur among near-field cities. Regional coordinating effect will become obvious in Blagoveshchensk-Belogorsk, Khabarovsk-Birobidzhan, and Vladivostok-Artem.