在华外国人社会融合的现状与问题 ——以在沪日本人为例

随着中国经济的快速发展与对外开放程度的提高，在华外国人持续流入中国，探讨在华外国人社会融合问题的重要性凸显。本研究以在沪日本人为例，通过问卷调查和半结构化访谈方法，探讨了在华外国人在就业，住房，日常消费行为如购物、饮食、医疗、教育、娱乐、交通等方面的融合状况和满意度情况。研究发现，由于在沪日本人主要进入以日企或同胞为对象的外国人劳动力市场，倾向于聚居在日本人聚居区，日常消费方面高度依赖日本人族裔经济等，导致他们的工作和生活基本都局限在自我构建的封闭的当地日本人社会中。在沪日本人的社会融合程度普遍不高，这也成为今后改善移民管治、促进移民社会融合和城市国际化发展的重要课题。

The condition and problems of immigrants’ social integration in China: A case study of Japanese Transmigrants in Shanghai

Against the context of high-speed economic growth in China, the number of immigrants who have expatriated to China soared over the last two decades and continued to increase. The growth of transmigrants’ population in China has led to the study of transmigrants’ social integration, which is becoming increasingly important. As such, the study sheds light on the Japanese Transmigrants (JTs) in Shanghai, taken as a case study to examine the social integration and satisfaction through three factors: employment, housing, and consumer behaviors. The consumer behaviors include shopping, catering, medical, education, recreation, and transportation. Based on first-hand data gathered from onsite surveys and interviews conducted in 2012 and 2013, we found that the social integration of JTs in Shanghai is general at a low-level and their segregation is due to the following reasons. Firstly, the JTs mainly worked in Japanese companies or Japanese ethnic businesses, in other word, they only sought for jobs in the labor market specifically for foreigners, rather than in the normal labor market. Secondly, the JTs preferred to live near their compatriots, which lead to the formation of the Japanese enclaves in Gubei area and Pudong area. Thirdly, the JTs’ daily lives depended largely on the Japanese ethnic economy. The current condition and problems of JTs’ social integration creates challenges for immigrant management and social integration, as well as for international city development in China.