中国东部（105o E以东）第四纪冰川研究回顾、进展及展望

中国东部（105^o E以东）第四纪冰川及其演化可为中国东部乃至东亚地区古气候环境重建提供基础信息及关键证据，正确认知冰川发育条件及正确运用冰川遗迹判别标准又是重建中国东部第四纪冰川及其演化的关键。中国东部中低山地第四纪期间冰川发育与否，即泛冰川论与有限冰川论的争议由来已久。近年来，山东与周边地区中低山及沿海丘陵带的“第四纪冰川”研究波澜再起。在系统地回顾中国东部第四纪冰川研究历史及新近出现争议的基础上，结合冰川发育条件、山地冰川地貌组合、判别原则与识别依据、中国东部数座中高山地存在无争议且形态清晰的冰川地形及其测年资料以及东亚古气候环境演化记录等得出：中国东部仅有台湾山地、长白山、贺兰山与太白山等数座主峰海拔超过2 500 m的中高山地保存有晚更新世以来的冰川作用地形。其余山地及海拔更低的丘陵带在第四纪期间任何一次冰川作用中均未达到与当时冰期气候相耦合的高度，不存在泛冰川作用。已报道的“冰川遗迹”皆为各种形似地质地貌现象的系统误判，其确切成因及环境意义有待深入探讨。

Review,progress and prospect of the Quaternary glaciations in eastern China (east to 105o E)

A detailed understanding of Quaternary glaciations in eastern China (east to 105^oE) is of critical importance in attempts to reconstruct the palaeoenvironment of eastern China and East Asia. However, for almost a century there has existed a controversy with regards to the extent of Quaternary glaciations. In particular, whether or not palaeoglaciers developed in moderate to low elevation mountains. This lack of consensus impedes our ability to better understand and reconstruct the palaeoenvironment in eastern China and East Asia. Over the past two decades, the extent of Quaternary glaciations across Mts. Laoshan and Mengshan (moderate to low altitudes) in Shandong Province, and even the hilly regions (with only several tens or hundreds meters relief) in coastal provinces has been highly debated. One of the difficulties in studying Quaternary glaciations in eastern China is that there are no modern analogues. No active glaciers or modern moraines exist for reference. Therefore, an understanding of the necessary favorable conditions for glaciers to develop, and the standard criteria and indexes to identify the glacial landforms, is fundamental in studying palaeoglaciers and their evolution in eastern China. With the development and application of dating techniques, including radiocarbon (¹⁴C), thermoluminescence (TL), optically stimulated luminescence (OSL), and terrestrial in situ cosmogenic nuclides (TCN¹⁰Be), we have obtained some robust dating results from glacial landforms within the Taibai, Changbai, and Helan mounts and in the alpine mountains of Taiwan. In this paper we review previous work studying Quaternary glaciations in eastern China with a focus on the favorable conditions for glacier development, the distribution of glacial landforms produced by alpine glaciers, the identification criteria for, and evidence provided by glacial landforms. This is combined with the chronology of glacial events obtained from the dating of the glacial landforms within the Taibai, Changbai, Helan mounts and the alpine mountains in Taiwan. The resulting reconstruction of the Quaternary glacial history in this region is considered together with the palaeoclimatic and palaeoenvironmental records from eastern China and surrounding areas. From this study we conclude that only within the Taibai, Changbai and Helan mounts and in the alpine mountains of Taiwan is there any evidence of extensive glacier growth during the Last Glacial Cycle. There is a lack of evidence supporting extensive glaciations during the Quaternary in the mountainous areas of eastern China at altitudes less than 2 500 m. We infer from this that the glacial landforms which have previously been identified in these moderate-to-low altitude mountains and hilly regions with only several tens or hundreds meters relief are a systematic misunderstanding.