珠江三角洲新石器考古文化与古地理环境

珠江三角洲新石器时期的贝丘和沙丘类文化属沿海渔业文化带，其产生和发展与全新的世海面及海陆变迁密切相关。贝丘和沙丘类古文化是随６０００ａＢＰ以前的海侵而产生的；其文化的发展和盛衰过程，在时间和空间上与珠江三角洲海陆环境演变序列都十分吻合。

NEOLITHIC CULTURE AND PALEOGEOGRAPHIC ENVIRONMENT IN THE ZHUJIANG DELTA

Shell mound and sand dune are wto typical patterns of Neolithic cultural sites on the Zhujiangdelta which belongs to the zone of ancient fishing culture along the coast of South China.Shellmound is heaped with a large quantity of mollusk shells and some archaeological deposits includingpottery,Stone artifacts.Three types of shell mound have been recognized in terms of the differenceof mollusk assemblage:fresh,brackish and marine,associated with riverine environment,estuarineenvironment and marine environment respectively.Sand dune (an archeological term used in SouthChina),a sand body containing archaeological deposits,is mostly characterized by beach or coastalaeolian sand,associated with coastal environment which is directly affected by the sea,particularlythe delat-front islands.Many archaeological evidences have shown that fishing played a significanteconomic role in the living of ancient inhabitants.Such an ancient fishing economy was closely related to the paleogeographic environment,particularly the water resources.Numerous data haveshown that the ancient people began to immigrate into the Zhujiang delta around 6 000aBP whenthe sea-level rose to the present position.At that time,the delta basin was mostly submerged bymarine transgression,forming a huge ancient embayment providing an abundance of fishery resources for the ancient people.A particular fishing culture was formed on the Zhujiang delta.Sealevel rise and marine transgression seems to be an imPortant factor in the origin and development ofthe Neolithic culture on the Zhujiang delta.The declination of the Neolithic culture was most likelyto be caused by low sea-level and marine regression.