西南岩溶小流域农业可持续发展优化模式研究

以贵州为代表的西南岩溶地区，农业人口众多，水土资源匹配程度低，人地矛盾突出，农业发展环境先天不足，农业发展缓慢。文章通过野外实地考察并结合相关理论分析认为，水土资源匹配问题并不是限制农业发展的关键，其关键在于现行农业发展模式收益普遍较低，农业生产要素外流，导致农业生产模式缺乏创新。现行传统农业发展模式下农户收益低，且农业生产机会成本高，导致农户对农业投入减少，农业生产要素外流严重。而提高农业生产收益就成为促进农业可持续发展的关键。因此，根据因地制宜突出特色、农户生计与环境保护兼顾和“外驱”与“内生”农业创新模式相结合的农业建设和发展原则，发展以商品化有机生态农业的发展模式、乡村旅游及农业生产复合发展模式和区域标准化农业联合生产模式为代表的，以保障提高农户收益为核心的新农业发展模式，从根本上促进生产要素回流农业生产，是实现农业生产创新和持续发展的根本所在。 

Optimum modes of sustainable agricultural development in karst small watersheds of southwestern China

In karst areas of southwestern China, represented by Guizhou Province, there exist a series problems limiting agricultural development, such as large agricultural population, the low match degree of land and water resources, obvious contradiction between human and land. And the agricultural development environment in these regions is inherently short, resulting in slow agricultural development. Field investigations and theoretical analysis reveal that soil and water resources matching problem is not the key factor to limit agricultural development. The real reason lies in generally low income under the current modes of agricultural development. The agricultural production elements flow out, resulting in a lack of innovation. Under the existing agricultural development mode, the farmers, which only provide raw materials, are in the bottom of the industrial chain of agricultural products. They are affected by the capital competition for profits in the processing and sales, so their income and capacity to withstand changes in the market are low. Thus, according to local conditions, highlighting the characteristics, considering both household livelihood and environmental protection, combining the "outer drive" and the "endogenous" innovative agriculture, three agricultural development modes are proposed, commercial organic ecological agriculture mode, rural tourism and agricultural production mode, and regional standardized agricultural mode. The purpose of these modes is to protect the farmers’ income, promote agricultural production factors reflux fundamentally, which are vital to achieve sustainable development of agricultural production.