区域生态安全研究的科学基础与初步框架

生态安全研究涉及多种尺度（种群、生态系统、流域、区域、国家），其中区域生态安全是区域和国家可持续发展的基础，是建立和谐社会及环境友好型社会的必要条件，是人类生态安全的核心，应该处于中心的地位。但目前为止进行的区域生态安全研究多集中在综合指标评价、生物安全及土地利用变化效应的分析，比较缺乏严格的判定区域生态安全的科学基础。本文认为，地理地带性应是区域生态安全研究的基本准则；景观（土地类型）的原生态值可以作为区域生态安全的客观标准；景观退化程度是区域生态安全的重要指标；三者共同构成区域生态安全研究的科学基础。本文提出了区域生态安全研究的地理学方法，其框架体系应包括：（1）地理地带性分析及景观原生态定值；（2）景观退化程度的确定；（3）区域退化景观格局分析；（4）周围区域的生态影响分析；（5）区域生态安全水平的判别模式；（6）区域生态安全的指标体系。

Scientific Basis and Working Frame for Regional Ecological Security Research

Study of ecological security involves multiple scales of species, ecosystem, watershed, region, and country. Regional ecological security (RES) serves as the basis of sustainable regional and national development, as the prerequisite for establishing harmonious and environment-friendly society, and as the essence of human ecological security. RES should thus be the focus of ecological security. The hitherto study of RES has been concentrated on comprehensive assessment of multiple indexes, species or ecosystem security, and the effect of land use and land cover changes. A scientific basis for determining the degree of RES is still lacking. This paper argues that geographical zonation should be considered the first principle for studying RES; the virginal value of landscape (or land type) may act as the objective criterion of RES; and the degree of deterioration of landscape as the major index of RES. Geographical zonation, the virginal value of landscape, and the degree of deterioration of landscape together constitute the scientific foundation for studying RES. The working frame for studying RES may include (1) quantifying the virginal value of landscape; (2) determining the degree of deterioration of landscape; (3) analyzing regional deteriorated landscape pattern; (4) considering the ecological effect of neighboring areas; (5)creating the diagnosing model for RES; and (6)selecting indexes of RES according to the RES diagnosing model.