“白烟型”热液喷流岩研究进展

现代和地质历史中的海底、湖底的“黑烟囱型”热液活动及相关成岩、成矿和古生物活动已成为当今多学科的研究热点,而与“白烟型”热液喷流岩相关的研究相对薄弱.在阅读大量国内外文献基础上,结合实际的研究工作,回顾了热液喷流岩的研究历史及现状,重点介绍了作为标志性低温型热液矿物白云岩成因方面的进展,认为新疆三塘湖地区的二叠系芦草沟组“白烟型”热液喷流沉积的白云岩是“原生白云岩”的典型样本.现有资料表明已经报道的“白烟型”热液喷流岩发育层位(酒西盆地下沟组与三塘湖盆地芦草沟组)是所在地区的重要生烃层系,据此讨论了如下值得关注的问题:①热液活动及其伴生的嗜热细菌生物及食物链的特殊环境,使有机质得以富集,为油气生成提供了物质基础；②幔源物质的加入很可能带来了幔源烃类；③热液活动可使沉积盆地地温总体升高,加速烃源岩的快速成熟.最后对该领域的研究提出了问题和建议.

Progress of Research on "White Smoke Type" Exhalative Hydrothermal Rocks

The “black smoker” hydrothermal activities in the bottom of the sea/lake and its related diagenesis, mineralization and paleontology, which are mentioned in both modern and historical geology, have become a hotspot in the multi-disciplinary study nowadays. But comparatively speaking, the relative research on “white smoke type” exhalative hydrothermal rocks is obviously inadequate. Based on reading a large number of domestic and foreign literatures, combined theory with authors’ practical research work, this paper reviews the historic and present situation of the study of exhalative hydrothermal rocks. In this article, the authors put emphasis on introducing the progress on the origin of dolomite, as a symbolic low-temperature hydrothermal mineral. The authors believe that the “white smoke type” exhalative hydrothermal dolostone is the typical sample of primary dolostone. Available information indicates that the layers of “white smoke type” exhalative rocks which has been reported, that is, Xiagou Formation in Jiuxi basin and Lucaogou Formation in Santanghu basin, are important hydrocarbon source rock in their respective regions. According to this information, the following issues are worthy to be taken into consideration. ①The special environment of the hydrothermal activities and their related thermophilic bacteria and food chain makes the organic matter, which could provide material basis for the generation of oil and gas, enriched. ②Mantle originated material is likely to bring mantle originated hydrocarbons. ③Hydrothermal activities would increase the geotemperature of sedimentary basin generally, as a result, it may accelerate the maturity of hydrocarbon source rocks. Lastly, the authors give their questions and proposals for further research in this field.