梅州城市湿地外来入侵植物现状及防治对策

通过实地调查和文献检索，对梅州城市湿地外来入侵植物的组成、生活型、危害程度、原产地、入侵途径等进行了分析。结果表明：梅州城市湿地主要外来入侵植物有16科29属33种，其中菊科植物的数量最多，占入侵植物总数的27.3%；生活型以草本植物为主；有10种入侵植物给当地生态环境带来严重危害；原产地以美洲为主；引入途径主要以人为有意或无意引入为主。在分析城市湿地外来入侵植物现状的基础上，提出了建立入侵植物生态风险评估系统、加强入境检疫、加强地区合作、提高公众防范意识、有效防控和变害为宝等对策，为城市生态及经济的可持续发展提供参考。

Alien Invasive Plants and Their Control in Urban Wetlands of Meizhou

The composition, life forms, damage degrees, original districts and invasive routes of alien invasive plant species in urban wetlands of Meizhou City are analysed in this paper based on our field survey and literature review. The results show that 33 species from 16 families and 29 genera of alien invasive plant species are distributed in the urban wetlands of Meizhou. The Asteraceous plants are the most in number and take up 27.3% of the total species. Herbaceous plant is the dominant life form. In addition, there are 10 species that have caused high degree of threat to the local ecological environment. Most of the alien invasive plant species originally were from the Americas and were introduced intentionally or unintentionally by human beings. On the basis of the research, the strategies for controlling the alien invasive plants are proposed, such as establishing ecological risk evaluating system, enhancing entry quarantine, enhancing regional cooperation, increasing public awareness, effectively preventing and controlling the alien invasive plants, and transforming harmful plants into useful ones, etc. The results of this paper will provide reference for sustainable development of urban ecology and economy of the city.