中国地方产业集群及其对发展中国家的意义

我国出口导向的生产和国内生产之间分离,以及国有企业和私营企业之间分离的双重结构,对我国地方产业网络造成了障碍。从国有研究院所中涌现的企业家身上,从乡村企业家身上,从海外归来的华人身上,我们看到了不同背景下的不同道路。随着中国的试验性改革的继续,不同区域的产业集群会在工业化的道路上不断升级,这种过程很难简化成任何简单的发展模式。文章指出,应重视嵌入地方社会网络的集群的力量,而不是把所有赌注下到一些不植入国土的大公司之上。此外,由于发展背景很不相同的区域的发展轨迹可能彼此相似,我国一些已经采用的策略和措施对于发展中国家是有意义的。

Industrial Clusters in China and Their Implications to Other Developing Countries

Based on the extensive field researches on several newly emerging Chinese clusters, the paper find the dual structure, in which the export_oriented production separated from the domestic_oriented production, and in which the state_owned firms separated from the private firms, blocked the way towards networking of the local industrial system. It can also find the enthusiasm from bottom to develop in all the local communities. The intelligences of entrepreneurs coming out of the state_owned research institutes, the rural villages, the overseas Chinese, manifest in different ways in different settings. As China's tentative reform goes on, industrial clusters in different regions transform themselves constantly in the process of industrialization and upgrade, which can be hardly simplified into any models of development. The paper puts the focus on the strength of the cluster embedded into the local network, instead of putting all stakes on a few disembedded large companies. Although the context in developing countries is of great diversity and the trajectories of development in different regions can be hardly similar with each other, some strategic tools of China have been proved to be useful to attain the goals in developing countries.