饮马河流域典型湿地植物净化河流水环境效果研究

采取单种及混种方式,通过小型湿地模拟实验,研究松花江支流饮马河流域河流湿地中常见的芦苇、香蒲、槽秆荸荠、藨草、慈姑、花蔺、菱角、紫背浮萍和金鱼藻9种湿地植物及其组合对河流水体中化学需氧量(COD_(cr))、氮、磷等的净化效果。结果表明:所选湿地植物,在模拟环境条件下均能有效提升取自河流水体的水质;不同的湿地植物对污水中各污染物净化具有明显的差异,花蔺对总磷(TP)、COD_(cr)和氨氮(NH_3-N)净化效果最好,去除率依次为99.65%、68.22%和99.54%;香蒲、菱角、金鱼藻混合组对总氮(TN)的净化效果最好,去除率是66.19%;槽杆荸荠、芦苇和金鱼藻对亚硝酸盐氮(NO_2-N)的净化效果最好,去除率是83.64%。两种植物混种后对某一种污染物指标的处理效果弱于分别独种时的处理效果,但对多种污染物指标的综合处理效果一般要好于独种时的处理效果。

Effectiveness of Water Purification by Typical Wetland Plants in Yinmahe River Basin

Nine typical wetland plants in Yinmahe river basin, a branch of Songhua River, were selected to study the effectiveness of puriifcation by these plants separately and jointly to remove Chemical Oxygen Demand (CODcr), nitrogen and phosphorus of the water body in Northeast China by simulated experiment of small-sized wetland with single species and species mixture. Results showed that all the selected wetland plants can improve the quality of water body of the river under the simulated environmental conditions. However, there were signiifcant differences among different wetland plants in purifying to remove various pollutants in the water.Butomus umbellatus was the best in removing total phosphorus (TP), CODcr and ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N), with a puriifcation efifciency of 99.65%, 68.22% and 99.54%, respectively. Moreover, the species mixture ofTypha orientalis,Trapa bispinosaandCeratophyllum demersum were the best in removing total nitrogen (TN) with an efficiency of 66.19%, and the mixture of Heleocharis equiaetiformis,Phragmites australis andCeratophyllum demersum were the best in removing nitrite nitrogen (NO2-N) with an efifciency of 83.64%. In addition, the effectiveness of removing a single pollutant was weaker by mixture of 2 species than by single species. In contrast, the effectiveness of removing multiple pollutants by species mixture was higher than by single species.