洞庭湖生态系统最终服务价值评估

生态系统最终服务指生态系统直接提供给人类的,由人类直接享用、消费、使用的生态系统服务,目前生态系统服务评估多将最终服务与中间服务混淆,造成重复计算。以洞庭湖为例,建立洞庭湖生态系统最终产品与服务评估指标体系,并综合运用市场价值法、替代工程法和旅行费用法评估洞庭湖提供给人类的生态经济价值。结果表明:洞庭湖生态系统服务总价值为2 154.22×108元/a,其中洪水调蓄和气候调节占总价值的88.69%,是洞庭湖的主导生态系统服务。评价的10项生态系统最终服务按价值量排序,依次为调蓄洪水气候调节淡水产品水资源供给原材料生产释氧休闲旅游固碳水质净化内陆航运。评估结果比较全面地反映了洞庭湖对人类福祉的直接贡献,不仅能提高公众和管理部门对洞庭湖生态系统服务的认知,也为管理部门管理洞庭湖提供了重要方向。

Valuation of Final Ecosystem Services of Dongting Lake

Final ecosystem services are components of nature, directly enjoyed, consumed, or used to yield human well-being. In this paper, we took Dongting Lake as a typical case to value the ifnal ecosystem services provided by lake ecosystems. We established the final indicators of ecosystem service based on respective ecosystem characteristics, social characteristics and potential eco-social relationship. We then comprehensively valued 10 indicators of final ecosystem services in 2010 using market price method, replacement cost method and travel cost method. The total value of Dongting lake ecosystem services was RMB 2 154 ×108 Yuan. According to the valuation, the values of the 10 ecosystem service indicators were ranked from the greatest to the lowest as:flood control, climate regulation, aquatic products, water provision, raw materials, oxygen release, recreation and tourism, carbon sequestration, water puriifcation, and water transportation. The valuation relfects the multiple and huge contribution of ecosystems to human well-being, not only raising the public and governmental awareness of Dongting lake ecosystem services but also providing direction to create economic incentive to protect and conserve the remaining lake ecosystems.