新疆近50a来的气温和蒸发变化

根据77处国家水文、气象站点观测资料,分析了新疆不同地区近50a来气温和蒸发两个气候要素的变化.结果表明,新疆近50a来的气温呈上升趋势,平均增长率为0.27℃·10a^-1.1987年以后的平均气温较1986年以前有明显升高,尤其是北疆西部、北部和东疆地区增幅较大,达0.6～1.6℃.新疆各季平均气温的变幅以冬季为最大,夏季最小,但各季总体上均呈上升趋势.新疆年蒸发量和干旱指数的变化总体呈下降趋势,反映出气候转湿的信号.

Changes in Air Temperature and Evaporation in Xinjiang during Recent 50 Years

After lot of researches, it is found that the climate in northwest China is changing from the warm-dry type to the warm-wetting type since 1987. In this paper, the two important climatic factors, i.e., the air temperature and the evaporation in the different regions of Xinjiang in recent 50 years are analyzed, and the scientific facts affecting the climate change from the warm dry type to the warm-wetting type are discussed. Based on the observation data collected by 77 hydrologic and meteorological stations in Xinjiang, the analyzed results show that the air temperature in Xinjiang has increased in recent 50 years, and the average increase amplitude is 0.27 ℃.10·a^-1. The average annual temperature has obviously increased since 1987 than that before 1986, especially the increase amplitudes are as high as 0.6～1.6 ℃ in the western and northern parts of north Xinjiang and in east Xinjiang. The change amplitude of air temperature is highest in winter and lowest in summer, however, the air temperature increases generally in all the seasons. The change of the annual evaporation and the aridity index in Xinjiang is in a decrease trend, which reveals that the signals of climate wetting have occurred.