| 广西崇左中晚更新世的犀类化石：兼论华南地区第四纪独角犀的系统演化 |
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| 引用本文： | 严亚玲, 王元, 朱敏, 张颖奇, 秦大公, 金昌柱. 广西崇左中晚更新世的犀类化石：兼论华南地区第四纪独角犀的系统演化[J]. 第四纪研究, 2023, 43(3): 777-792. doi: 10.11928/j.issn.1001-7410.2023.03.08 |
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| 作者姓名： | 严亚玲 王元 朱敏 张颖奇 秦大公 金昌柱 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 天津国家海洋博物馆，天津 300450; 2. 中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所，中国科学院脊椎动物演化与人类起源重点实验室，北京 100044; 3. 中国科学院生物演化与环境卓越创新中心，北京 100044; 4. 北京师范大学历史学院，北京 100875; 5. 北京大学生命科学学院，北京 100871 |
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| 基金项目： | 中国科学院(B类)战略性先导科技专项项目(批准号：XDB26000000)资助 |
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| 摘 要： | 中国华南地区第四纪喀斯特洞穴堆积中常含有丰富的哺乳动物化石，其中广西崇左地区已发现多处含有步氏巨猿(Gigantopithecus blacki)的第四纪不同时期的洞穴化石点，在其共生的动物群中，对生物地层和环境变化有重要的指示意义且化石数量最多、演化特征最显著的种类之一是独角犀(Rhinoceros)。近期早更新世犀类化石的研究有较大进展，但中晚更新世时期的犀类化石却缺乏系统研究。本研究系统分析了产自中国广西崇左更新世中晚期的武鸣楼山临佛洞、公鸡山愚公洞、木榄山智人洞以及芭仙洞这4个化石地点的犀类新材料，依据牙齿的大小和其形态特征分别将其归入了爪哇犀(Rhinoceros sondaicus)、爪哇犀相似种(Rhinoceros cf. sondaicus)和中国犀(Rhinoceros sinensis)。通过对华南地区第四纪独角犀的系统研究表明，爪哇犀(R.sondaicus)在此地区从早更新世中期一直持续到全新世；中国犀(R.sinensis)则从早更新世晚期延续到晚更新世；暂时没有发现印度犀(R.unicornis)的化石。颊齿特征分析表明，扶绥犀(Rhinoceros fusuiensis)显得要比中国犀(R.sinensis)和爪哇犀(R.sondaicus)原始，而爪哇犀(R.sondaicus)和中国犀(R.sinensis)很可能是扶绥犀(R.fusuiensis)演化而来。从化石记录来看，当时可能有印度次大陆和中国南方两个演化中心，分别演化出Rhinoceros sivalensis→R.uncorins以及R.fusuiensis→R.sondaicus或R.fusuiensis→R.sinensis两个支系。在早更新世早期，独角犀向东扩散，到达中国南方地区之后，在中更新世时向东南亚扩散；迄今，只在东南亚部分地区残存。
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| 关 键 词： | 广西崇左 中晚更新世 独角犀 系统演化 |
| 收稿时间： | 2022-11-02 |
| 修稿时间： | 2023-03-03 |
New rhino remains from Middle to Late Pleistocene of Chongzuo,Guangxi with discussion on Quaternary Rhinoceros evolution in Southern China |
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| YAN Yaling, WANG Yuan, ZHU Min, ZHANG Yingqi, QIN Dagong, JIN Changzhu. New rhino remains from Middle to Late Pleistocene of Chongzuo, Guangxi with discussion on Quaternary Rhinoceros evolution in Southern China[J]. Quaternary Sciences, 2023, 43(3): 777-792. doi: 10.11928/j.issn.1001-7410.2023.03.08 |
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| Authors: | YAN Yaling WANG Yuan ZHU Min ZHANG Yingqi QIN Dagong JIN Changzhu |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Maritime Museum of China, Tianjin 300450; 2. Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100044; 3. CAS Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Beijing 100044; 4. School of History, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875; 5. School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871 |
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| Abstract: | Rich and large mammal fossils are preserved in the Quaternary karst caves in Southern China, including the Gigantopithecus blacki fossils from different ages, which has been found in Chongzuo, Guangxi. In the mammal fauna, Rhinoceros fossil, as one of the largest quantity and most obvious evolved species, has a very important indication on the changes of biological strata and environment. We have made progress in the study of rhino fossils from Early Pleistocene in recent years, but the Middle to Late Pleistocene ones remain systematic research. In this paper, the new rhino fossils from Middle to Late Pleistocene of Linfo cave(23°25′N, 108°38′E)of Loushan, Yugong cave(22°17′44.3″N, 107°29′43.6″E)of Gongji, Zhiren cave(22°17′13.6″N, 107°30′45.1″E)of Mulan Mountain, Baxian cave(22°34′31.6″N, 107°21′0.2″E)in Chongzuo are described. Based on the dental size and morphological characters, we classified these new materials from Linfo cave and Zhiren cave into Rhinoceros sinensis; new materials from Yugong cave described as Rhinoceros sondaicus; rhino fossil from Baxian cave are lower tooth, considered it's size, we classified these fossil to R.cf. sondaicus. |
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| Keywords: | Chongzuo, Guangxi Middle-Late Pleistocene Rhinoceros phylogeny |
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