Coatal salt marshes and mangrove swamps in China |
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Authors: | Yang Shi-lun Chen Ji-yu |
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Institution: | (1) Institute of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, National Key Lab of Estuarine and Coastal Research, 200062 Shanghai |
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Abstract: | Based on plant specimen data, sediment samples, photos, and sketches from 45 coastal crosssections, and materials from two
recent countrywide comprehensive investigations on Chinese coasts and islands, this paper deals with China’s vegetative tidal-flats:
salt marshes and mangrove swamps. There are now 141700 acres of salt marshes and 51000 acres of mangrove swamps which together
cover about 30% of the mud-coast area of the country and distribute between 18°N (Southern Hainan Island) and 41 °N (Liaodong
Bay). Over the past 45 years, about 1750000 acres of salt marshes and 49400 acres of mangrove swamps have been reclaimed.
The 2.0×109 tons of fine sediments input by rivers into the Chinese seas form extensive tidal flats, the soil basis of coastal helophytes.
Different climates result in the diversity of vegetation. The 3∼8 m tidal range favors intertidal zone development. Of over
20 plant species in the salt marshes, nativeSuaeda salsa, Phragmites australis, Aeluropus littoralis, Zoysia maerostachys, Imperata cylindrica and introducedSpartina anglica are the most extensive in distribution. Of the 41 mangrove swamps species,Kandelia candel, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, Excoecaria agallocha andAvicennia marina are much wider in latitudinal distribution than the others. Developing stages of marshes originally relevant to the evolution
of tidal flats are given out. The roles of pioneer plants in decreasing flood water energy and increasing accretion rate in
the Changjiang River delta are discussed.
The project was supported by the NSFC (No. 49476281). |
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Keywords: | salt marsh mangrove swamp tidal flat sediment |
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