中国萤石矿床流体包裹体研究进展

流体包裹体研究是揭示成矿流体来源与演化的重要手段，而萤石是流体包裹体研究的理想对象。本文选取中国主要萤石矿集区32个典型矿床为研究对象，总结了流体包裹体岩相学特征，并按不同矿床类型统计原生流体包裹体显微测温结果，探讨了萤石沉淀成矿机制。结果表明，岩浆期后热液型、火山—次火山热液型及热卤水型萤石矿床流体包裹体均一温度（集中在120℃~240℃）、密度（主要为0.8~1.0 g/cm³）相近，热卤水型萤石矿床成矿流体盐度高于岩浆期后热液型和火山—次火山热液型矿床。从成矿早期到晚期，大多数矿床成矿流体的盐度、温度逐渐降低。中国萤石矿床总体呈现浅成低温热液成矿的特征。地质事实和已有文献资料表明，萤石沉淀成矿的主要的机制可能不是水—岩反应，而是降温冷却和流体混合，不同矿床萤石主要沉淀成矿机制可能不同。水—岩反应主要在成矿物质集聚过程起重要作用。在总结前人研究的基础上，本文认为当前萤石矿床流体包裹体研究面临的主要问题是：1）流体包裹体组合（FIA）方法在显微测温上应用不足；2）流体包裹体成分分析以定性为主；3）成矿压力、深度估算方法适用性较低。针对这些问题，提出了相应的解决建议，以期推动萤石矿床流体包裹体研究进一步发展。

Progress of fluid inclusion research in fluorite deposits in China

Study on fluid inclusions is an important means of revealing the source and evolution of ore-forming materials, and fluorite is an ideal object for the study of inclusions. Micro thermometry data of primary fluid inclusions were collected from 32 typical fluorite deposits in the main fluorite mining areas of China, based on different deposit types. The results showed that the fluid inclusions of post magmatic hydrothermal, volcanic-subvolcanic hydrothermal, and hot brine fluorite deposits had similar uniform temperatures(concentrated at 120 ℃ ~240 ℃) and densities(mainly 0.8~1.0 g/cm3). The salinity of the ore-forming fluid in hot brine fluorite deposits is higher than that in post magmatic hydrothermal and volcanic-subvolcanic hydrothermal deposits. From the early to late stages of mineralization, the salinity and temperature of the ore-forming fluids in most deposits gradually decrease. The overall characteristics of fluorite deposits are characterized by shallow low-temperature hydrothermal mineralization. Geological facts and existing literature indicate that the main mechanism of fluorite precipitation mineralization may not be water-rock reaction, but cooling and fluid mixing.The main precipitation mineralization mechanism of fluorite in different deposits may be different. Water-rock reaction plays an important role in the accumulation process of ore-forming materials. Based on the previous studies, the article proposes that the main problems faced by current research on fluid inclusions in fluorite deposits are: 1)insufficient application of fluid inclusion assembly(FIA)method in micro thermometry; 2)the analysis of fluid inclusion composition is mainly qualitative; 3)the applicability of ore-forming pressure and depth estimation methods is relatively low. Finally, suggestions are put forward to solve these problems.