南部非洲锰矿成矿规律与资源潜力

锰作为一种重要的金属矿产，广泛应用于各种工业领域。世界锰矿资源总量丰富，但分布极不均衡，主要分布在南非、乌克兰、巴西、澳大利亚等国。中国锰矿资源具有总量大、平均品位低、开采难度大等特点，为满足国内需求，中国每年需从海外进口大量锰矿。南部非洲地区锰矿资源丰富，主要有海相沉积受变质型、海相沉积型、热液型及表生型锰矿4种成矿类型。其中，海相沉积受变质型和海相沉积型最重要，依据含矿岩系特征又进一步将其划分为BIF岩系型锰矿、黑色页岩系型锰矿及硅-泥-灰岩系型锰矿。南部非洲原生锰矿成矿时代主要集中在2.2~2.0 Ga，与Eburnean造山运动时代耦合；空间上主要分布在古陆块边缘，成矿背景以弧后盆地及边缘盆地为主。南部非洲地区锰矿成矿地质条件优越，且总体找矿勘查程度较低，资源潜力巨大。

Metallogenic regularity and resource potential of manganese deposits in southern Africa

As an important metal, manganese is widely used in various industrial fields.The total amount of manganese resources in the world is abundant, but its distribution is extremely uneven, mainly distributed in South Africa, Ukraine, Brazil, Australia and other countries.Manganese resources in China are characterized by large tonnage, low tenor, and difficulty in mining.In order to meet domestic demand, China needs to import a large amount of manganese ore from overseas every year.Southern Africa is rich in manganese resources, mainly consisting of four metallogenic types, namely marine sedimentary metamorphic type, marine sedimentary type, hydrothermal type and supergene type.Among them, the marine sedimentary metamorphic type and marine sedimentary type are the most important, and they are further divided into BIF rocks-hosted Mn deposit, black shale-hosted Mn deposit and silicon-mud-limestone-hosted Mn deposits based on the ore-bearing rocks.The metallogenic epoch of primary manganese deposits is mainly concentrated in 2.2~2.0 Ga, which is coupled with Eburnean orogeny.Spatially, it is mainly distributed on the edge of ancient landmass, and the metallogenic background is mainly back-arc basin and marginal basin.The current southern Africa is a typical case with favorable metallogenic geological conditions, overall low level of prospecting and exploration, and huge potential of manganese resources.