城市技术创新与合作对绿色发展的影响研究——以长江经济带三大城市群为例

知识经济时代技术创新与合作是引领绿色发展的重要动力，但当前技术创新与合作对城市/区域绿色发展的作用尚不明晰。以长江经济带三大城市群为案例区域，通过构建绿色发展的综合评价指标体系，分析2006—2018年间各城市技术创新与对外技术合作以及绿色发展的时空演化格局，运用空间面板杜宾模型探究城市技术创新与对外技术合作对城市绿色发展的影响及其空间效应。研究发现：① 长江经济带城市群的技术创新与对外技术合作能力以及绿色发展水平在研究期内均显著提升，同时在群间和群内存在较大的空间差异，下游城市群及高等级城市往往具有较高水平。② 城市技术创新对绿色发展的总体影响呈“U”型关系，而城市对外技术合作对绿色发展的总体影响则呈显著正相关。③ 长江经济带三大城市群的城市技术创新与对外技术合作对绿色发展影响的空间效应具有显著差异。长三角城市群很大程度上发挥了技术创新与合作对本地和周边城市绿色发展的促进作用，整体实现了区域绿色协同发展，但长江中游和成渝城市群的大多数城市尚未实现技术创新与合作对本地和周边城市绿色发展的推动作用。研究认为在科技创新高度一体化的城市群，城市的技术创新与对外技术合作均对绿色发展产生正向群体效应，而发展中的城市群应努力度过创新的“黑暗期”，尽早跨过技术创新与绿色发展关系的“门槛值”，并大力提升对外技术合作水平。

The effect of urban technological innovation and cooperation on green development: A case study of the three urban agglomerations in the Yangtze River Economic Belt

In the era of knowledge economy, technological innovation and cooperation are the important driving forces for green development. However, the interaction mechanisms between them are still unclear. Taking the three urban agglomerations of Yangtze River Economic Belt as examples, we constructed a comprehensive indicator system on evaluating green development to analyze spatio-temporal evolution pattern of technological innovation, external technological cooperation and green development in each city from 2006 to 2018. Using the spatial Durbin model with panel data, we explored the effect of the technological innovation and external technological cooperation on urban green development and regional heterogeneity. The results show that: (1) The technological innovation, external technological cooperation and level of green development of urban agglomerations in the study area improved significantly during the study period, and there were large spatial differences among and within agglomerations. The Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration and high-level cities tended to have better performances in all aspects. (2) The overall effect of urban technological innovation on green development shows a U-shaped relationship, and the relation between external technological cooperation and green development is significantly positive. (3) Among the three urban agglomerations, the spatial effects of urban technological innovation and external technological cooperation on green development are significantly different. In the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration, technological innovation and external cooperation have performed an important role in promoting green development for itself and surrounding cities, realizing a coordinate regional green development. A large number of cities in the Middle Yangtze River and Chengdu-Chongqing urban agglomerations do not promote green development through technological innovation and cooperation, while not promote their surrounding cities either. This study shows that in the urban agglomeration with highly integrated technological innovation, the technological innovation and external technological cooperation generate positive group effect on green development. The developing urban agglomerations should make efforts to overcome the “dark period” of innovation, cross the “threshold” of technological innovation with green development as soon as possible, and improve the level of external technological cooperation vigorously.