中国燃煤电厂碳捕集与生物质掺烧碳捕集改造的经济性

碳捕集与封存（CCS）技术作为解决全球气候变化问题的重要手段之一，能够有效减少CO₂排放。中国作为碳排放大国，当前电力的主要来源仍是煤电，碳捕集（CC）改造在燃煤电厂中有很大的应用潜力。经济性对CC改造的部署至关重要。为此，本文计算了中国各省典型电厂CC改造前后的平准化度电成本，比较了不同省份的CO₂捕集成本与CO₂避免成本，分析了不同掺烧率下生物质掺烧结合碳捕集(bioenergy with carbon capture，BECC)改造的经济性。研究发现，CC改造会导致不同地区的燃煤电厂度电成本增加57.51%~93.38%。煤价较低的华北和西北地区（青海除外）CC改造经济性较好，BECC改造则更适合华中地区。建议在推进燃煤电厂CC和BECC改造时要充分考虑区域资源特点，完善碳市场建设，形成合理碳价以促进CC和BECC部署。

Economic analysis of carbon capture and bioenergy with carbon capture retrofitting of Chinese coal-fired power plants

Carbon capture and storage (CCS), as one of the important means to solve the global climate change problem, can effectively reduce CO₂ emissions while retaining existing fossil energy assets. China is still reliant on coal power as the primary power supply source. Therefore, as a major carbon-emitting country, China has considerable potential for CCS applications. Economics is critical for CCS deployment. In this study, the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) at province level was calculated for operational power plants after post-combustion carbon capture (CC) retrofitting. The costs of captured CO₂ and avoided CO₂ were then compared. The economics of coal-fired power plants with bioenergy with carbon capture retrofitting (BECC) were also analyzed. The study revealed that CC retrofitting leads to a 57.51% to 93.38% increase in the LCOE of coal power. CC retrofitting is economical in North and Northwest China (except Qinghai province) where coal prices are low. However, BECC retrofit is more suitable for coal-fired power plants in Central China where biomass prices are low. Therefore, the variation in the resource conditions among provinces should be considered when promoting CC and BECC retrofits. Compared with other power sources, coal-fired power generation becomes much more expensive after retrofits, and the current carbon market is not sufficiently developed to support the retrofits. The development of the carbon market with effective carbon price signals and proper power market mechanism is critical to the rollout of CCS in China. In addition to coal price and utilization hours, the initial investment cost and efficiency penalty of carbon capture retrofitting are also important influencing factors. With the development of new generation capture technologies with low cost and low energy consumption, the economics of coal-fired power plants with retrofitting will be further improved.