中国特色保护类村庄时空动态特征与振兴对策研究——基于种群生态学视角

特色保护类村庄是乡村振兴的基本类型和文化传承的重要载体之一。基于种群生态学视角,将全部国家级特色保护类村庄视为共有中华优秀传统文化基因库的特殊种群,描摹种群时空动态特征,分析种内个体关系特征;引入三维魔方图方法,借鉴动植物生活史对策和协同进化论,确定村庄所属对策者类型,分类设计振兴策略。结果表明：① 就过程特征而言,2003—2020年国家级特色保护类村庄种群数量和结构变化的三阶段特征显著,已发展为总数达8173个、表型有11种的稳定型种群;② 就空间特征而言,该种群始终成簇分布在地理边缘,主要聚集在“胡焕庸线”东南半壁的地势阶梯过渡带和省际交界地区,形成了1个三角形结构;③ 就关系特征而言,该种群内个体按功能性状分为文化多样性保护型与文化旅游业发展型,按集群效应分为弱、强两种类型,按共生关系分为不显著型与显著型,则有8种组合类型;④ 就振兴对策而言,种内个体据其关系特征组合和能量分配方向,分属M-对策者（6386个）、L-对策者（511个）和S-对策者（1276个）,相应采用“保护文化基因载体”“提高竞争扩散能力”和“建立互利共生关系”策略。聚焦典型地理种群,从个体表现型深入到基因型是后续研究方向。

Spatio-temporal dynamic characteristics and revitalization strategies of characteristic protection villages in China: Based on the perspective of population ecology

Characteristic protection villages (CPVs) are one of the basic types of rural revitalization and the essential carriers of cultural inheritance. Based on the perspective of population ecology, this paper regarded national CPVs as a special population group with the gene bank of Chinese excellent traditional culture, described the spatio-temporal dynamic characteristics of the population and analyzed the characteristics of intra-specific individual relationships. Then, by introducing three-dimensional magic cube, and referring to life-history strategies of animal and plant and coevolution theory, this paper identifies the strategist types of villages and designed revitalization strategies. The results show that: (1) Regarding process characteristics, the three-stage features of quantity and structure changes from 2003 to 2020 are remarkable for national CPVs population, which has developed into a stable population with a total of 8173 and 11 phenotypes. (2) Regarding the spatial characteristics, the population is always clustered at the geographical edge, mainly concentrating in the terrain transition zone and inter-provincial border area to the southeast of “Hu Line”, forming a triangular structure. (3) Regarding relationship characteristics, individuals in the population can be divided into cultural diversity protection type and cultural tourism development type according to functional trait, weak and strong type according to cluster effect, insignificant and significant type according to symbiosis, and there are eight combination types. (4) Regarding revitalization strategies, individuals in the population can be divided into Maintenance-Strategist (6386), Longevity -Strategist (511) and Symbiotic-Strategist (1276) according to their relationship characteristic combinations and energy distribution directions, and correspondingly adopt the strategies of “protecting cultural gene carrier”, “improving competitive and diffusion ability”, and “establishing mutually beneficial symbiosis”. Focusing on the specific geographical population, from individual phenotypes to genotypes, is the future research direction.