The Late Jurassic ray Kimmerobatis etchesi gen. et sp. nov. and the Jurassic radiation of the Batoidea |
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| Institution: | 1. School of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Birkbeck College, Malet Street, London WC1E 7HX, UK;2. Department of Biomedical Sciences, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19103, United States;1. Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Unidad de Posgrado, Edificio A, 1° Piso, Circuito de Posgrados, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, C.P. 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico;2. Instituto de Geología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Circuito de la Investigación S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, 04510, Mexico;3. Museo de Paleontología Eliseo Palacios Aguilera, Dirección de Paleontología, Secretaría de Medio Ambiente e Historia Natural, Calzada de Los Hombres Ilustres S/N, Antiguo Parque Madero, Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, Mexico;1. Institut des Sciences de l’Evolution, UMR5554 (CNRS, IRD, EPHE, Université de Montpellier), Campus Triolet, Place E.-Bataillon, 34090 Montpellier Cedex 05, France;2. Département de Géologie, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Cheikh-Anta-Diop de Dakar, B.P. 5005, Dakar, Senegal;3. Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon : Terre, Planète, Environnement, UMR CNRS 5276 (CNRS, ENS, Université Lyon 1), Campus de la Doua, 2, rue Raphaël Dubois, 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France;1. Soldattorpet 48, SE-653 50 Karlstad, Sweden;2. Natural History Museum of Denmark, Copenhagen University, Øster Voldgade 5-7, 1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark;3. Centre de recherche sur la Paleobiodiversité et les Paléoenvironnements, UMR 7207, CNRS, MNHN, Univ. Paris 06, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Tour 46/56, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France;4. Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon, CNRS, UMR 5276, Université Lyon 1, Campus de la Doua, Bt. Géode, 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France;1. Department of Geosciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA;2. Division of Science and Resource Management, Big Bend National Park, TX 79834, USA;1. Instituto de Geofísica y Astronomía, Cuba;2. Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-7800, USA;3. Sociedad Cubana de Geología, Cienfuegos, Cuba |
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| Abstract: | The laminated marine mudstones of the Late Jurassic of Kimmeridge, southern England, yield two exceptionally well-preserved partial skeletons of a previously unrecognised species of early batoid. These are described as a new genus and species, Kimmerobatis etchesi gen. et sp. nov. which has a general “guitarfish” bauplan as in all other batoids known from the Jurassic. This species possesses a combination of primitive characters such as centra present within the majority of the synarcual and antorbital cartilages that fail to reach the pectoral skeleton along with more derived characters, such as the lack of fin spines. Until now, little study has been carried out on the affinities of Jurassic batoids, despite their key role in understanding batoid evolution. Results from parsimony and likelihood phylogenetic reconstruction indicates that the whole-bodied Jurassic batoids Spathobatis, Belemnobatis, and Kimmerobatis gen. nov. form their own clade, Spathobatidae, and do not lend support to a monophyletic “Rhinobatidae”. Among Jurassic batoids, Kimmerobatis gen. nov. is most derived, but with derived characters being independently acquired compared to modern batoids (e.g. presence of a postpelvic process). The inclusion of whole bodied Jurassic fossils have generated a more resolved hypothesis of batoid evolution throughout the Cretaceous and into the Cenozoic. |
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| Keywords: | Kimmeridgian Phylogeny Ray Guitarfish Evolution |
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