新时期国土空间治理单元功能认知及其融合路径——以成都市为例

国土空间治理是新时期中国国土资源开发、利用、保护、整治及修复的重要战略手段。当前国土空间治理体系在空间尺度上存在主导功能衔接失配，亟待统一不同尺度空间单元以统筹治理边界、提高治理效率。据此，面向传统治理单元管制边界的针对性问题导向，提出“通过不同理念或方式界定的国土空间单元具有不同的功能导向”等研究假设，并构建土地利用冲突、生态系统障碍、社会发展状态等指数在行政区划单元、自然生态单元、社会发展单元等治理单元上以成都市为例进行验证。结果表明，研究区国土空间治理问题属性的空间格局特征差异化显著，人类活动范围与自然环境限制之间的矛盾是导致区域内治理问题发生的核心因素。在空间相关性分析方面，所有治理问题类型在不同空间单元上均呈现显著自相关性，且均通过0.05显著性检验，但不同空间单元具有理论指向性特点。其中，社会发展单元更适合解决经济发展动力差距问题，自然生态单元更适合解决生态系统连通阻力问题，行政区划单元则更适合解决事权管理冲突问题。在此基础上，利用景观单元协调不同尺度空间单元的问题属性，将研究区划分为高山地带发展动力衰弱型（22.98%）、丘陵地带治理属性均衡型（11.55%）、乡村地区管理冲突加剧型（44.57%）、城乡边缘区发展主导复合型（9.44%）、核心建成区连通阻力增强型（11.46%）5类空间，进而实现多尺度空间单元的跨行政区融合路径。综合而言，有必要建立管理-保护-发展功能嵌套的空间单元集成体系，通过细化景观尺度将权力和责任从政府机构拓展至更广泛的行动参与者，系统地提升国土空间治理效能。

Functional cognition and integration path of land space governance unit in the new era,a case study on Chengdu City

Land space governance is an important strategic means for developing, utilizing, protecting, and restoring China's land and resources in the new era. However, the current land space governance system has a mismatch of dominant functions on the spatial scale. It is urgent to unify spatial units of different scales to coordinate governance boundaries and improve governance efficiency. Accordingly, facing the pertinent problem orientation of the control boundary of traditional governance units, this study put forward research hypotheses such as "land space units defined by different concepts or methods have different functional orientations." Using Chengdu as an example, land-use conflicts, ecosystem barriers, and social development status are constructed to verify these assumptions on governance units such as basic administrative units, natural ecological units, and social development units. The results show that the spatial pattern characteristics of the land space governance issues in the study area are significantly different, and the contradiction between human activities scope and natural environmental restrictions is the core factor leading to regional governance issues. In spatial correlation analysis, all governance problem types show significant autocorrelation in different spatial units and pass the 0.05 significance test, but different spatial units have theoretical directional characteristics. Among them, social development units, natural ecological units, and basic administrative units are more suitable for solving the economic development power gap, ecosystem connectivity resistance, and resource management conflicts, respectively. On this basis, landscape units were used to coordinate the problem attributes of different spatial scales. The study area is divided into five types: weak development momentum type in high mountains (22.98%), governance attributes balanced type in hilly areas (11.55%), intensified management conflicts type in rural areas (44.57%), development-oriented composite type in urban-rural fringe areas (9.44%), and increased connectivity resistance in core built-up areas (11.46%). A cross-administrative integration path of multi-scale spatial units can be realized further through the region division. Summarily, it is necessary to establish an integrated spatial unit system with nested management-protection-development function, expand the power and responsibilities from government agencies to a wider range of actors through refined landscape scale, and systematically enhance land space governance efficiency.