“人-地-业”协同视角下乡村旅游投资与目的地空间作用研究

随着中国乡村旅游产业迅速发展，乡村旅游投资加快增长，给乡村地域人地关系和空间格局带来了深刻变革。本研究从“人-地-业”协同视角，在认识乡村旅游投资内涵及其“主体-要素-对象”体系基础上，剖析乡村旅游投资空间作用的“投资-产业-空间”传导过程，理论化构建乡村旅游地空间结构演化的二阶梯级模式，探索性揭示乡村旅游投资目的地空间作用过程与机制。乡村旅游投资空间作用是目的地“人-地-业”系统环境影响投资主体区位选择与决策，引起产业投资要素流动和投资对象布局变化，造成当地产业发展空间不均衡、人地关系地域系统和“三生”功能格局演化的结果。以期，研究发现从微观尺度深化旅游投资与旅游地空间作用理论，拓展乡村旅游地空间演化理论内涵，为指导乡村旅游高质量发展和乡村旅游地高水平建设与更好推进乡村振兴提供理论借鉴。

Spatial effect on destination structure of rural tourism investment: A framework from the perspective of human-land-industry synergy

Rural tourism investment (RTI) plays a vital important role in local destination. With the rapid development of rural tourism promoted by the strategy of rural vitalization and the high-quality development of rural tourism, based on backgrounds of the new pattern of “Dual Circulation” and a unified national market, RTI increases and accelerates the flows of economic factors, including labor, capital, information, etc. It makes a great impact on the destination spatial structure and pattern evolution. To scientifically understand the spatial effect process and discover its mechanism of RTI on local destination development structure, the paper has basically discussed the systematic connotation of RTI and analyzed the essential relations among investors, factors and objects, while they, respectively, involve the human system, land system and industry system in human and economic geography. Investors are owner of RTI factors and decision-maker of RTI objects; they are referring to private operators, professional rural tourism enterprises and local governments, and present a diversified development direction. Thus, factors are the material carrier of RTI and basic resource in rural tourism development; those economic factors contain land, workforce, capital, rural tourism resource, technology and development policy, etc. Objects are the specific investment content in rural tourism development; specifically they include rural infrastructure, tourist special facilities, rural tourism products and services supply and other rural tourism oriented equipment. Then, effect on destination spatial evolution has been discussed deeply to discover its process and mechanism from the perspective of human-land-industry synergy. In the paper, the second-order terraced model has been raised to reasonably reveal RTI spatial influence upon rural tourism destination. It explains process of RTI influence on rural tourism based on the economic factors flowing and industrial spatial pattern, which can build the framework of RTI effect on destination spatial pattern. The findings show that the spatial effect of RTI is a result of local rural tourism industry development imbalance, evolution of the regional human-land relationship system and pattern of local “production-living-ecology” spaces, under the backgrounds of RTI location selection and decision-making, based on the social, industrial and ecological environments. The paper is looking forward to comprehensively understanding mutual relationship of rural tourism investment and destination spatial evolution from the micro perspective. And it may widen knowledge and scope of rural tourism destination spatial evolution, even makes a great contribution to rural tourism investment and its development, which can benefit to promote the strategy of rural vitalization.