干旱区土壤自养微生物研究进展

微生物自养固碳是维持干旱区土壤微生物群落结构及异养活动的重要过程，并影响地表生物结皮的演替及生态功能。近年来，土壤微生物组学的广泛应用，拓展了蓝细菌及真核藻类土壤自养微生物功能群研究，揭示了非蓝细菌类原核微生物向土壤输入有机质的可能。基于此，本文综述了干旱区土壤蓝细菌及藻类的分布及功能特征，并总结了环境因子的调控作用，重点总结了近几年对非蓝细菌自养微生物功能群及其生态功能的探索，最后对干旱区土壤自养微生物功能群研究的发展进行了总结与展望，以期为深入理解干旱区土壤微生物群落的形成及发展机理提供理论基础，并为良好生物结皮的构建提供科学依据。

A review on autotrophic microorganisms research in dryland soils

Microbial CO₂ fixation is an important autotrophic process for maintaining soil microbial community structure and heterotrophic processes in arid areas， which affects the succession and ecological function of biological soil crusts. In recent years， the extensive application of soil microbial genomics has expanded the community of autotrophs， which used to be dominated by cyanobacteria and algae. These results supported the possibility of non-cyanobacteria prokaryotes to import organic matter into soils. In this text， the distribution characteristics of cyanobacteria and algae and the regulation mechanism of environmental factors in dryland soil were reviewed. Moreover， the exploration of non-cyanobacterial autotrophs and their ecological functions in dryland soil in recent years were summarized characterizing by the coupled microbial energy metabolism pathways and biological carbon sequestration cycles. Finally， soil microbial autotrophs in dryland soils were summarized and prospected in order to provide a theoretical basis for understanding the formation and development mechanism of soil microbial community， and to provide a scientific basis for the construction of biological soil crusts.