面向海陆统筹的综合航海地图集基础地理框架构建

设计和编制海陆统筹的综合航海地图集服务于国家“构建海洋命运共同体”发展目标，同时也是促进海陆文化共融和海陆睦邻合作的重要推力，在当前地图学领域受到普遍关注。本文通过与航海专题图、陆地专题图的对比分析，从地图选题、比例尺、投影、地理分幅等方面探讨了海陆统筹地图集的表达特点，并从海陆并蓄视角出发，提出综合航海地图集基础地理框架的内容体系和构建策略。在此基础上，结合《世界航海地图集》的编制实践设计了其基础地理框架的具体建立方案：(1)中小比例尺地图使用WGS84坐标系，较大比例尺地图使用CGCS2000坐标系；(2)根据专题内容、制图区域、变形需要，制图单元可以使用等差分纬线多圆锥、墨卡托、古德等多种投影；(3)地理底图分为世界地图、典型区域地图、陆地地图、海域地图、航区地图、港口地图6种图型，其系列比例尺内容需按一定规则进行取舍和化简派生得到；(4)地图制图单元采用北方定向，联合地理分幅和地图分幅可生成灵活的图面布局。世界航海专题图集的编制实践表明，应用本文建立的基础地理框架能较好实现海洋与陆地的协调统一表达。

Establishing Fundamental Geographic Framework for the Comprehensive Maritimes Atlas Oriented to Sea and Land Integration

The design and compilation of comprehensive maritime atlas integrating sea and land information serve the national development initiative of "building a marine community with shared future", it is also an important thrust to promote the culture fusion and friendly cooperation between marine and land areas. Therefore, it has attracted widespread attention in the field of cartography. This paper firstly discusses the special characteristics of marine-land integrated atlas through the comparative analysis with nautical charts and land atlas, referring to the thematic topic, map scale, map projection, and geographic subdivision. Then it proposes a top-level design of fundamental geographic framework for the comprehensive maritime atlas from the perspective of marine and land combination, including both the content system and construction strategy. Next, taking "Maritime Atlas of the World" as an instance, the paper puts forward the specific establishment of fundamental geographic framework in details: (1) the coordinate system of WGS84 should be used for medium and small scale maps, while the CGCS2000 should be used for large scale maps; (2) according to the map thematic and content, cartographic area, and deformation needs, mapping units can use various projections such as qual difference latitude parallel polyconic projection, Mercator projection, Goode projection, and so on; (3) six types of geographic base maps are adopted, i.e. typical reginal map, land map, sea map, navigation area map, and port map, their contents are generated in series by further selection and simplification; (4) all the mapping units should be arranged to the north, and map layouts are various with flexible geographic subdivision and map subdivision. The “Maritime Atlas of the world” complication practice shows that this proposed fundamental geographic framework can well support the integration of marine and land information into a cohesive coordinative manner.