干旱区城市化与生态环境交互胁迫 过程研究进展及展望

城市化进程与生态环境之间客观上存在着种种矛盾与胁迫作用，在干旱区表现的尤为突出。本文系统总结了当前国内外关于干旱区城市化与生态环境交互胁迫过程研究在理论、观点、方法与实践等方面取得的最新进展，提出了干旱区城市化与生态环境在交互胁迫中相互促进的观点，指出了当前该领域研究的薄弱环节，并展望了未来主要的研究方向。研究认为，国际学者普遍关注城市化与生态环境交互作用关系的研究，涌现了一系列研究城市化与生态环境关系的理论；非常重视城市化与生态环境交互作用机理的研究，主要从城市人口集聚、经济增长、空间扩展等层面分析城市化对生态环境的胁迫作用；从生态条件、资源条件、环境污染等层面探讨生态环境对城市化的束缚作用；广泛采用“3S”技术和定量分析方法来评价城市化与生态环境的交互响应过程；逐步加强对干旱区城市化与生态环境可持续发展途径的研究。国内学者主要对干旱区水资源紧张及生态恶化原因，城市化与生态环境交互胁迫机理，城市化与生态环境之间的EKC模型、双指数模型和耦合度模型等定量分析手段，城市化发展模式等进行了研究。当前单独研究城市化或生态环境的较多，将二者结合起来的较少；实证研究较多，规律总结较少；定性分析较多，定量研究较少；胁迫效应研究较多，约束效应研究较少，至今尚未形成独立的理论体系。从发展趋势来看，多学科融合、与实践紧密结合、新技术方法的应用与动态模拟化将是今后国内外研究的主要发展方向。

Progress and Prospect of Study on Interactive Coercing Process Between Urbanization and Eco-environment in Arid Area

In 21 century, the restrictions of water resources shortage and eco-environmental crisis in the urbanization process in arid area are even more evident. However, what are the real roles of water resources and eco-environment in the urbanization process? What kind of urbanization modes should be adopted under the dual restraints of water resources and eco-environment? This paper reviewed the domestic and international research progress about the theories, ideas, methods and practices of the research of urbanization and eco-environment in arid area. Then the viewpoint that the relation between urbanization and eco-environment is mutual promotion while inter-coercing was put forward. Finally, the author pointed out the weak side of studying in this field at present, and prospected the main research directions in the future. Studies showed that international scholars generally paid close attention to the research of urbanization and eco-environment reciprocation relation, and thought much of the research of urbanization and eco-environment reciprocation mechanism in arid area. They generally adopted “3S” technology and quantitative analytical method to appraise the response course of urbanization and eco-environment respectively, and strengthened to research the sustainable developmental modes of urbanization and eco-environment in arid area progressively. Domestic scholars mainly studied on the phenomena of water deficiency and ecological degradation, the interactional mechanism between urbanization and eco-environment, the quantitative analysis models and the urbanization development modes in arid area. Although a series of theories to study the relation of urbanization and environment have emerged recently, there are a lot of weak points which should bring our attention in. For example the researches of urbanization or eco-environment solely were more, but the researches combining them together were less; the empirical researches were more, but the law summarization researches were less; and the researches of coercing effects were more, but the researches of restraint effects were less. So, an independent and integrated theoretical system of urbanization and eco-environment research in arid area has not formed yet. In the future, the multi-disciplinary merges, the close integration with practice and the application of new technical method and the dynamic simulation will be the main research directions.