Generation of unusual branched long chain alkanes from hydrous pyrolysis of anammox bacterial biomass |
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| Affiliation: | 1. NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Department of Marine Organic Biogeochemistry, P.O. Box 59, 1790 AB Den Burg, Texel, The Netherlands;2. University of Amsterdam, van ‘t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, NMR Department, P.O. Box 94720, 1090 GS Amsterdam, The Netherlands;3. Shell Global Solutions International, Kessler Park 1, 2288 GS Rijswijk, The Netherlands;4. U.S. Geological Survey, Box 25046, MS 977, Denver, CO 80225, USA;1. Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, ETH-Hönggerberg, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland;2. Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Via Vincenzo Vela 6, CH-6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland;3. Institute of Biophysical Chemistry, Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, and Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies, J.W. Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany;4. Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan;1. Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, N19W8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0819, Japan;2. Department of Natural History Sciences, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, N10W8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan;1. Geotec Inc., Takaido-nishi 3-16-11, Suginami-ku, Tokyo 168-0071, Japan;2. Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-03, Japan;3. Chemical Division, Kanagawa Prefectural Institute of Public Health, Shimomachiya 1-3-1, Chigasaki, Kanagawa 253-0087, Japan;4. Faculty of Engineering, Soka University, Hachioji 192-8577, Japan;1. Freie Universität Berlin, Fachbereich Veterinärmedizin, Institut für Virologie, Zentrum für Infektionsmedizin – Robert-von-Ostertag-Haus, Robert-von-Ostertag-Straße 7–13, 14163 Berlin, Germany;2. Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Biology, Molecular Biophysics, Invalidenstraße 42, 10115 Berlin, Germany |
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| Abstract: | Anammox, the microbial anaerobic oxidation of NH4+ by NO2− to produce N2, is recognised as a key process in the marine, freshwater and soil N cycles, and has been found to be a major sink for fixed inorganic N in the ocean. Ladderane lipids are unique anammox bacterial membrane lipids used as biomarkers for such bacteria in recent and past environmental settings. However, their fate during diagenesis and early catagenesis is not well constrained. In this study, hydrous pyrolysis experiments were performed on anammox bacterial biomass and the generated aliphatic hydrocarbons, present in oil generated at 220–365 °C, were analysed. A unique class of hydrocarbons was detected, and a representative component was isolated and rigorously identified using 2D nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. It consisted of C24 to C31 branched long chain alkanes with two internal ethyl and/or propyl substituents. The alkanes were generated above 260 °C, with maximum generation at 320 and 335 °C. Their stable carbon isotopic values were depleted in 13C, similar to carbon isotope values of the original anammox lipids, indicating that they were thermal products generated from lipids of anammox bacterial biomass. A range of sediments from different geological periods where anammox may have been an important process was screened for the presence of these compounds as possible catagenetic products. They were not detected, either because the concentration was too low, or the sediments screened were too immature for them to have been generated, or because the artificially produced products of anammox lipids may not reflect the natural diagenetic and catagenetic products of ladderane lipids. |
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| Keywords: | Anammox Hydrous pyrolysis Ladderane Branched long chain alkanes NMR |
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