海河南系平原浅层地下水开采耗能及其空间分布

本文针对海河南系平原不同时期地下水水位变化引起的能耗增加问题,基于开采井与其影响半径区域内的地下水开采耗能等效的假设,首次推导了浅层地下水耗能计算公式。利用三个不同时期浅层地下水流场的演化特点,结合GIS技术方法,对典型年份 (1964、1984和2001年 )春季农业生产季节地下水开采耗能及其变化进行比较分析。研制了海河南系平原农业春产期浅层地下水耗能空间分布图,分析获得20世纪60年代以来该地区地下水位下降导致开采耗能大幅度增加的态势和空间分布格局,结果表明:从海积平原地区到太行山前平原地区,开采浅层地下水耗能以及耗能差值都呈递增趋势。研究结果对北方地区水价政策等的制订有重要的参考价值,为研究区南水北调后地下水水位回升的社会经济效益评价提供参考。

Energy consumption and the spatial distribution characteristics of shallow groundwater mining in the south Haihe River plain

This article inferred the formula of accounting energy consumption in mining shallow groundwater, based on the supposition that the energy consumption of groundwater mining is equivalent in the mining well and in its radius of affected area. According to the characteristics of evolution of shallow groundwater seepage field in the south Haihe River plain in the three periods of time, namely, the 1960s, the 1980s and initial period of the 21st century, as wall as integrating the GIS technique,we account the energy consumption and their differences in groundwater mining of the three different typical years (1964, 1984 and 2001) of the three periods. The results indicated that, when shallow groundwater table drops deep for 1m in the study area in 1964, 1984 and 2001,the energy consumption of groundwater mining is respectively 0.16×10⁸ kw · h, 0.65×10⁸ kw · h and 1.2×10⁸kw · h; when shallow groundwater table drops deep for one unit, in comparison with the three different periods of 1964-1984, 1984-2001 and 1964-2001, the energy consumption difference of shallow groundwater mining is respectively 0.49×10⁸kw · h, 0.55×10⁸ kw · h and 1.04×10⁸ kw · h. After analyzing the spatial distribution map of energy consumption of shallow groundwater mining in different periods of time in the south Haihe River plain, it is found out that, since the 1960s, the energy consumption of shallow groundwater mining has increased substantially, from average 269kwh/km² to average 1781kwh/km², due to groundwater overdraft.The computation of the energy consumptions and their difference of shallow groundwater mining both assume the increasing tendency from the alluvial and coast plain region to the Taihang piedmont plain region, the maximum energy consumption of groundwater mining is from 68 kwh/km² to 8908 kwh/km², but the energy consumption difference of shallow groundwater mining increases from 4760 kwh/km² to 8568 kwh/km².The research results could be used to provide the reference for the social and economic benefits appraisal of the shallow groundwater table rising after implementation of the South to North Water Transfer Project in the study area, and provide service for the research of the local construction of an "abstemious society".