石灰土改良试验及其岩溶作用响应研究

依据石灰土的特点,采用常规有机肥料进行改良石灰土对比试验研究。试验结果表明: ( 1)有机肥处理,降低了石灰土pH值和钙镁元素含量,增强了土壤的溶蚀能力,大大提高了土壤营养元素有效态含量,改善了土壤物理性状,玉米产量和植株性状也远高于和好于对照地; ( 2)不同改良方案因有机肥搭配类型和施肥方式的不同,对埋藏于其中的灰岩试片溶蚀强度和土壤改良的效果存在显著差异。从施肥方式上看,以积制堆肥半腐熟时挖沟施入土壤效果最好,作物增产率为47. 82% ,灰岩试片的溶蚀速率为3. 43 mg /cm2 . a;直接混合挖沟埋入土壤效果次之,增产率为43. 94% ,溶蚀速率为3. 26 mg /cm2 . a;积制堆肥完全腐熟后挖沟施入土壤效果最差,增产率为30. 99% ,溶蚀速率为3. 17mg /cm2. a。从搭配类型来看,塘泥+ 沼渣(液)+ 鲜绿肥> 秸秆+ 塘泥+ 沼渣(液) > 秸秆+ 人畜粪便+ 塘泥。 

Contrast experimental study on calcareous soil amelioration and karst processes response and karst processes response

In this article, based on characteristics of calcareous soil, the contrast experimental study on calcareous soil amelioration with organic fertilizer is conducted. The results show that： （1）Because of amelioration with organic fertilizer, the calcareous soil pH value and calcium magnesium element content reduced, the soil corrosion ability strengthened, valid content of soil nutritive elements enhanced greatly, physic character of the soil improved, the corn output and the adult plant character also get higher and better than those of the comparison scheme, after amelioration. （2）The karstification intensity and improvement effects of different amelioration schemes are remarkable differently because of the different matching type and the different applying way of organic fertilizer. With regard to the applying fertilizer way, the improvement effect of trenching and applying the half decomposed organic fertilizer into soils is the best, the increase rate of corn output is 47.82%, corrosion rate of limestone tablet at 20cm is 3.43 mg/cm^2· a ; trenching and applying the directly mixed organic fertilizer into soils is the second, the increase rate of corn output is 43. 94 %, corrosion rate of limestone tablet at 20cm is 3.26 mg/cm^2· a; and the improvement effect of trenching and applying the completely decomposed organic fertilizer into soils is the poorest, the increase rate of corn output is 30. 99%, corrosion rate of limestone tablet at 20cm is 3. 17 mg/cm^2· a. With regard to the matching type of organic fertilizer, the results showed that the improvement effect of the pond silt mixed with biogas residue （liquid） and fresh green manure is the best, the maize straw mixed with pond silt and biogas residue（liquid） the second, and the maize straw mixed with pond silt and manure last.