山东省黄河下游地区浅层地下水地球化学特征与环境质量评价

浅层地下水调查是山东省黄河下游流域生态地球化学调查项目中的一项工作内容。调查是按每16 km2采集1件浅层地下水样品的密度,分析测试As,Ba,Be,Ca,Cd,Co,Cu,Fe,Hg,Pb,Se,Zn,F-,Cl-,Cr6 ,NO2-,COD,pH等33项指标;通过对这些指标在浅层地下水中的背景变化规律研究认为:调查区内浅层地下水中各指标含量起伏变化大,局部富集程度高,特别是As,Fe,K,La,Sb,Sn,Zn,Cl-,NO2-等指标的变异系数均>3.0,说明这些指标在浅层地下水中分布极不均匀,虽然背景含量较低,但在局部地段会形成高含量区,影响浅层地下水质量。选择As,Ba,Be,Cd,Co,Cu,Fe,Hg,Mn,Mo,Ni,Pb,Se,Zn,F-,Cl-,Cr6 ,NO2-,COD,pH等20项指标,按《地下水环境质量标准》中的要求,对浅层地下水环境质量进行的单项组分和综合评价结果显示,达到较好级以上者不足9%,而较差和极差级者达90%以上,表明调查区内浅层地下水环境污染状况较为严重。

Geochemical Characteristics and Environment Quality Evaluation of Shallow Underground Water in Lower Reach of the Yellow River

Survey to shallow underground water is a part of geochemical survey in lower reach of the yellow river.After collecting one sample in every 16km2,33 kinds of indices are determined,such as As,Ba,Be,Ca,Cd,Co,Cu,Fe,Hg,Pb,Se,Zn,F-,Cl-,Cr6 ,NO2-,COD and pH,etc.Through study on background variation rule of these indices in shallow underground water,it is regarded that each index varies greatly and has rich concentration,especially the variation indices of some ratios are all more than 3.0,such as As,Fe,K,La,Sb,Sn,Zn,Cl-and NO2-,etc.It shows that these indices distribute very unhomogeneously in shallow underground water and influnce underground water quality greatly.Choosing 20 kinds of indices,such as As,Ba,Be,Cd,Co,Cu,Fe,Hg,Mn,Mo,Ni,Pb,Se,Zn,F-,Cl-,Cr6 ,NO2-,COD and pH,etc and according to the demand of "Standard of underground water environment quality",single composition and comprehensive evaluation of underground water environment quality are determined.As showed by the results,less than 9% can reach good degree,while more than 90% are bad and worse degree.Environmental pollution of shallow underground water in survey area is very serious.