土壤-作物系统中微囊藻毒素生态毒性的研究进展和展望

随着蓝藻水华环境问题的日益严重,微囊藻毒素(MCs)的污染问题也越来越受到重视.一些藻毒素污染严重的湖泊、水库等周边区域的土壤也受到了影响.用含有藻毒素的地表水及地下水进行灌溉、将蓝藻作为有机肥等措施都会将MCs带入土壤.一旦MCs进入到土壤,它将会随着降水从地表迁移到土壤深层.这将会对作物的生长以及土壤生态系统造成影响,而且会对人类身体健康造成威胁.本文介绍了土壤中不同种类的MCs对一些粮食作物和蔬菜作物生长的影响、在作物体内的积累情况,以及对地下水的污染情况,概述了MCs的致毒机理,分析了其对土壤生物造成影响的可能性,并对今后的研究方向进行了展望.

Progress and prospect of eco-toxicity of microcystins in soil-plant system

With the increasingly severe environmental problems caused by cyanobacteria blooms, more attentions are paid to the microcystins (MCs) pollution. MCs can be brought into the soils by irrigation with the cyanobacterial blooms polluted water. A lot of cyanobacterial blooms had been taken out of lakes in past several years. Some of the collection water was directly inoculated in soil as organic fertilizer. Once toxic cyanobacterial collections are put into soil, MCs will be released and migrate from the surface to the deeper layers of the soil after precipitation penetration. Therefore, there is a possibility that soils near the lakes and reservoirs might be contaminated by MCs that caused a harmful effect on soil ecosystems and terrestrial plants, including food crop plants, which may correspondingly pose a serious threat to human and animal health. In this paper, effects of MCs on the accumulation, growth and development of terrestrial plants are introduced, as well as the MCs contamination to groundwater involved. We summarized the toxic mechanism of MCs and discussed the possibility of the effect of MCs on soil organism. A future orientation on the soil MCs research is also discussed.