黑河中游水土资源开发利用现状及水资源生态环境安全分析

黑河流域水资源产生于南部祁连山区,主要消耗于中游农业灌溉区。对黑河流域水文资料分析计算发现,流域出山水资源量多年变化比较稳定,最枯年和最丰年水资源量之比为 1:2,丰枯变化幅度与长江以南丰水河流相当。多年平均水资源量为32．31×10⁸ m³／a,近10年中游水资源开发利用量稳定在34×10⁸ m³／a以上,仅中游地区对水资源的开发利用率达120％左右。目前国际上公认的人均水资源量紧缺线为 1000～1700 m³／a,黑河流域水资源开发利用具有反复转化多次重复利用的特点,用这个指标无法全面评价黑河流域水资源的安全状况。

THE STUDIES OF WATER RESOURCES UTILIZATION OR WATER RESOURCES AND ECOLOGY-ENVIRONMENTS AFETY IN MIDDLE REACH OF HEIHE RIVER BASIN

As a result of analysis on Heihe River hydrology materials, water resources is relatively stable in the basin due to replenishment of ice glacier, water resources difference between extremely water abundant year and extremely drought year is 2 to 1, which is seldom to seen in north part of China. The multiyear average water resources volume in the basin is 3 231 million m³/a with per capital water resources of 1 689 m³, which is slightly lower than per capital water resources safety warning line of 1 000～1 700 m³/a accepted in the world. The characteristic of water resources in the basin is multi transfer and multi utilization, if we leave 750 million m³/a for ecology the water resources situation is still safety with extension of water saving technology and under gong integrated treatment in the basin.  Eco-environment crisis in the downstream can be resolved through unified water resources allocation. According to nature water resources inflow from ice glacier, water and soil development and utilization scale as well as middle stream eco-environment situation, 2 600 million m³/a nature water inflow will be the water resources safety critical line and 2 400 million m³/a nature water inflow will be the water resources safety warning line under the condition of adopting water saving technology and control irrigated land remaining at current level.