森林利用的冲突与调解途径理论探讨

森林价值的多样性和利用群体的多样性，是森林利用冲突的根源，也决定了森林利用的冲突形式。同一社会中，不同利益群体从各自的利益和兴趣出发，竞相利用有限的森林资源的各种价值，导致森林利用的冲突，冲突若不及时解决，将影响森林为人类社会持续提供价值。是伴随着森林管理的一种不可避免的现实，不论是哪一种管理方式都存在着这样或那样的冲突。解决的途径也不相同，包括技术途径、调解、仲裁和诉诸法律等。村社林业是相对于政府直接控制管理森林的另一类林业管理方式，村社林业的实践也需要解决冲突，建立和培养村社解决冲突的机制和能力是开展村社林业的一项重要任务。村社林业管理模式的成功需要建立冲突的调解和仲裁机制，透明、参与、合作和创造是建立这种机制并使这种机制发挥作用的基础。

AN ANALYSIS OF CONFLICT RESOLUTIONS IN FOREST UTILIZATION

The paper applies the conflict theory to the analysis of conflicts over forest uses and concludes that the root cause of the conflicts is the multiple use of forests and the multiple users of forests Different interest groups compete to use the limited forest resources The conflicts will result in the degradation of forests if they are not properly resolved They are a critical element to consider when addressing the forest management issue The common conflict resolution methods include are technical approaches, facilitation, mediation, negotiation, arbitration and court trail Community forestry is another approach to forest management and also needs to address the conflict problem The paper suggests that community forestry practitioners should focus on building and strengthening capacities to resolve conflicts Transparency, participation, cooperation and creativity are the foundations of the conflict resolution mechanisms within a community