应用泉钙华环境记录和地下水流动系统探讨娘子关泉群演变历史

从研究娘子关泉群出露区堆积的不同时期泉钙华入手，对泉群自中更新世以来的发育阶段进行了划分，在此基础上，运用地下水流动系统理论分析了泉群的时空演化过程．这一过程包括４个阶段：Ｑ２时期的泉群发育雏形期，Ｑ３时期的泉群发育全盛期，Ｑ４时期的泉群发育相对稳定期和近代泉群流量衰减期．随着时间的推移，泉点出露位置有规律地发生横向迁移和垂向下移．近年来由于人类活动引起区域性地下水位降低，从根本上改变了岩溶水流动系统的动态平衡，导致有的泉已干涸，有的将要干涸，泉群流量总体上呈现持续衰减趋势．

EVOLUTION OF THE NIANGZIGUAN KARST SPRINGS IN VIEW OF TRAVERTINES'''' ENVIRONMENTAL RECORD AND GROUNDWATER FLOW SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT

The major evolution stages of the Niangziguan karst springs since Middle Pleistocene Epoch are identified according to our study on the travertines accumulated in the discharge areas of the springs, and by applying groundwater flow system theories the temporal spatial evolution of the springs is reconstructed, which includes four major stages: (1) Q 2. the initial period of the springs' occurrence; (2) Q 3. the culmination period; (3) Q 4. the relatively stable period; and (4) the recent period of discharge attenuation of the springs. As time goes by, the locations of the springs change both laterally and vertically(downward). In recent years, anthropogenic processes have caused a drastic lowering of regional groundwater table and fundamental change of the dynamic equilibrium of karst water flow system. As a result, some springs have ceased to outflow and some will follow in the near future. The total discharge of the springs shows a tendency of continuous attenuation.