枣庄岩溶地面塌陷的影响因素及其发展趋势

从枣庄市岩溶地面塌陷的基本条件入手,分析了枣庄地区塌陷的影响因素,认为降水量的大小直接影响水力梯度的大小,而且其导致的地表积水使得上部荷载增加,抗塌力降低;水位降深越大,水力梯度也将增加,潜水与地下水之间的水头差变大,补给造成的渗流场较强,使地下水动力条件增强,塌陷数量也相应增加。该文根据区内塌陷的成因分析了枣庄岩溶地面塌陷的发展趋势,认为目前情况下不会发生塌陷,但若持续过量开采地下水或遇到强干旱年份,塌陷是极易发生的。

Factors and Development Trend Influced Karst Land Collapse in Zaozhuang City

Based on basic forming condition of karst land collapse in Zaozhuang city, and analyzing factors which influced karst land collapse, it is regarded that precipitation amount will directly affect the size of hydraulic gradient. Surface water caused by rain will increase the upper part of the load carrying capacity, and reduced anti-collaspe strengthen; hydraulic gradient will increase accompanying with the water level. Head difference between unconfined water and underground water will become larger. Strong seepage caused by supply will increase dynamic conditions of groundwater, while karst land collapse will be increased as well. According to the origin of karst land collapse in this area, development trend of karst land collapse in Zaozhuang city is analyzed. it is considered that collapse does not occur under the present circumstances, however, collapse is easily occurred when groundwater sustained over exploitation or strong dry years.