中关村高校周边居住区社会空间特征及其形成机制

目前国内城市社会空间研究偏重于宏观层次,对于微观层次社区社会空间特征的研究相对缺乏。基于质性研究(Qualitative Research)和深度访谈的调查方法,以北京大学周边若干居住区为例,探讨了中关村高校周边居住区社会空间的特征及其形成机制。研究发现:中关村高校周边居住区的社会空间经历了从"同质性"向"异质性"转变的发展阶段;社区居民的社会阶层分异显著;居民的整体流动性较强,且以水平流动为主,垂直流动相对较少;阶层内社会网络联系较强,阶层间社会网络联系较弱,存在明显的阶层分隔现象;空间结构呈现出在高校和社会双重力量作用下,各种类型居民分布既混合又有序的复杂型式。在市场经济体制下,中关村高校周边居住区外来人口与原住居民共同构建了一种具有高流动性、松散社会网络等特征的社会空间,它为理解社区流动性、社会网络特征和社会空间成熟度之间的关系带来启示。

The characteristics and their mechanisms of social space in the peripheral communities of campus in Zhongguancun

Current research of China's urban social space emphasizes more on the macro-level than on the micro-level social space.There are relatively few research papers on the micro-level social space,such as the characteristics of residential quarters.Based on the methodology of qualitative research and deep interviews,taking a number of peripheral communities around Peking University campus as research cases,this paper tries to analyze the characteristics and their driving forces of the social space of peripheral communities of campus in Zhongguancun.The authors found that the social space of peripheral communities of campus in Zhongguancun experienced the transformation from the period of homogeneity to that of heterogeneity.Social stratification and social differentiation exist in these communities.Higher fluidity happens in such communities,and is correlated with not different social class but the same one.The social network link is strong within the same social class,however,it is weak among different social classes.To the floating population from outside Beijing,they tend to bring some of their network links in their hometown to Zhongguancun or Beijing,and they often affiliate with not residents of other social classes in their communities but friends or relatives,who come from their hometowns and live out of these communities.As a result,to some extent,segregation of social class exists in peripheral communities of campus in Zhongguancun.Under the operation of both universities and market,the social spatial structure of the peripheral communities of campus in Zhongguancun exhibits a complex pattern of both chaos and order.Finally,the authors attempt to put forward a model of interlaced mechanism of the forming of social space of the peripheral communities of campus in Zhongguancun at the macroscopic,mesoscopic and microcosmic levels.Under the background of market economy,a new social space,which is charactered by higher fluidity and incompact social network,has been built both by external population and by original residents in the peripheral communities of campus in Zhongguancun.Most important of all,this new social space will help to understand the relationship among the fluidity,the features of social network and the maturity of social space.