湖南省森林火灾时空分布特征及其气象成因分析

利用湖南省2008-2017年10年森林火灾数据、卫星MODIS和VIIRS监测资料及常规气象资料，统计分析了湖南省森林火灾时空分布特征，分析结果表明：近10年湖南省森林火灾高发月份是2、3、4月， 3月最多，总次数为3800次，森林火灾在邵阳发生次数最多，郴州、长沙和永州次之。森林火灾受灾面积最大的是永州市、怀化市、邵阳市，达6800-7500公顷。重点分析了2018年2月14-19日湖南致灾严重的森林火灾过程与气象条件的关系，结果表明，森林火灾期间，气温偏高、相对湿度较小，降水量少，平均风速一般超过0.5m/s，火灾严重时段最大风速增大到6m/s左右，风向以偏东风和偏南风为主，湖南高低空受上下一致的西南风气流控制，天气形势较稳定。

Temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of forest fire and its meteorological causes in Hunan Province

Abstract: Based on the forest fire data, satellite MODIS and VIIRS monitoring data and conventional meteorological data from 2008 to 2017 in Hunan Province, the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of forest fire in Hunan Province are analyzed. The results show that: In recent decades, the high incidence of forest fires in Hunan is in February, March and April, especially March, with a total number of 3800. Forest fires occur most in Shaoyang, followed by Chenzhou, Changsha and Yongzhou. Yongzhou, Huaihua and Shaoyang have the largest forest fire affected area, with 6800-7500 hectares. This paper focuses on the analysis of the relationship between the process of forest fire and meteorological conditions that caused serious disasters in Hunan Province from February 14 to 19, 2018 and show that: During the forest fire, the air temperature is higher, the relative humidity is smaller, the precipitation is less, the average wind speed is generally more than 0.5m/s, and the severe period of the fire is more than6m/s. The wind direction is mainly east wind and south wind. Hunan is under the control of the Southwest wind flow from the upper to the lower, and the weather situation is relatively stable.