回顾与展望：中国大地构造学

中国大地构造学的发展可分为5个阶段：1926年前,以外国人为主的研究时期;1926－1949年,开创和奠基时期;1949－1966年,大发展和百家争鸣时期;1966－1976年,“文化大革命”10年浩劫时期;1976年至今,板块构造盛行时期,主要成就有：多年的调查研究已为大地构造研究准备了丰富的资料;中国造山旋回和构造阶段划分已取得基本共识;已经查明中国的主要地质构造单元;基本确定了中国的主要断裂系统和主要缝合带;初步查明中国深部构造轮廓;青藏高原研究及一些重要问题研究已获重要进展;笔者认为百家争鸣和从中国实际出发的创造性思维是中国大地构造发展的必要条件,而单纯跟踪模仿则是最大的弊端。中国大地构造学正在地球系统科学认识的指导下,向着共同发展和融合的道路前进,大地构造理论创新体系正在酝酿形成中。为了对中国至亚洲大地构造的认识有一个质的飞跃,需要：①大地质科学多学科高水平结合加计算机仿真实验方法;②从全球构造出发,把微观、宏观、宇观的研究结合起来;③中国和亚洲的实际出发,深入研究,力求突破;④建立经典研究地区和野外实验基地;⑤实现东亚大地构造研究的大跨越,建立东亚地质创新体系。

Tectonic Research of China: Review and Prospect

The development of China's tectonics can be divided into five stages: the first is pre-1926, when research work was done mainly by foreign scientists; the second one, from 1926 to 1949, may be called the initial stage and during the time the foundation of tectonic research was laid in our country; the third stage ranges from 1949 to 1966, during which the tectonics grew vigorously and various schools of thought developed in full content; the 10 years' duration of the "Great Cultural Revolution" calamity, between 1966 and 1976, is the fourth stage and the last one, is 1976 to the present, the theory of plate tectonics has prevailed. The past decades have seen considerable accomplishments: abundant material and data gathered through continued investigations, which are essential to tectonic researches; the classification of orogenic cycles and tectonic stages of China widely accepted by Chinese geologists; the major tectonic units, the main fault systems and the suture zones determined in general; the deep tectonics has been broadly outlined; and great advances made in the study of the Qinghai-Xizang (Tibet) plateau; and moreover, a number of important research programs are progressing fairly and steadily. We hold that the atmosphere of academic freedom and the creative thinking from the objective facts of China's geology are the necessary requirements for its development, while copying or following another's example simply is the biggest hindrance. Guided by the scientific concept of Earth systems, several tectonic schools of thought within China are proceeding towards the way of both developing individually and penetrating mutually, and a new system of tectonic theory is in embryo.