遥感技术在洪涝灾害防治体系建设中的应用

本文综述了遥感技术在洪涝灾害防治体系建设中的应用 ,包括洪涝灾害背景数据的建设和更新、洪涝灾害承灾体的识别和信息提取、洪涝灾害相关模型计算以及灾害监测、减灾救灾应急系统等方面 ,并对目前应用中存在的主要问题和发展方向进行了探讨.

Applications of Remote Sensing in Flooding Alleviation System in China

This paper generalized the applications of remote sensing in flooding alleviation in the following aspects, flooding background data base construction and updating, object of flooded information extraction, flooding related models such as flooding caused loss evaluation and hazard degree of flooding, and flooding responding system. In the flooding background base construction, the data precision and sufficiency are very important for its future use, thus it concerns much with spatial and spectral resolutions of remote sensing data. The imagery with moderate and high resolution such as Land sat TM, SPOT HRV even the newly available IKONOS data, can be used. In the aspect of flooding dynamic monitoring, data with high temporal resolution is preferred. Aided by time serial analysis provided by Geographical Information System, the multiple phrases of remotely sensed images can provide the progress of flooding. The NOAA AVHRR data with 6 hours revisiting interval is frequently adopted in many flooding monitoring, including the 1998 flooding in the Changjiang (Yangtsz) River. Aero photographs with the advantages of promptness, accurate and timeliness are also used in flooding investigation, especially for gusty and small scale floods. In the studies and applications of flooding related models, remote sensing usually is used as an information source of the coefficients of the models, especially used to extract the driving data in models. In the respect of flooding responding system, remote sensing, GIS, Decision Making System, remote control system and Global Positioning System, along with modern communication techniques, are well integrated. This paper also discussed the current problems and future development of remote singing in flooding research. The various models being the key of flooding research should be regarded with much importance both in model calibration and model sharing standards. Since the flooding alleviation research is a cross disciplinary and multi disciplinary field, any improvements in its related domains will promote its study and application.