我国水库渔业对水质的影响及其生态控制对策

我国水库资源丰富,水质优良,是极佳的淡水养殖水体;实施科学合理的渔业可降低水库氮磷营养负荷,是合理利用水面和生物资源的需要.我国水库渔业自1950年代起步,1979年后快速发展,水库养殖面积迅速扩大、养殖产量显著增加、养殖品种多样化,先后发展形成6种不同的渔业模式.由于片面追求水库渔业的产量,大量施肥和投饵带来过量外源氮、磷等营养元素导致水库水体的富营养化,水质下降,有的水库甚至暴发了蓝藻水华.针对库区水质保护的要求,数项生态控制对策被提出以降低水库渔业对水质的负面影响.

Effect of reservoir fisheries on water quality of Chinese reservoirs and bionomic control countermeasures

The resources of reservoirs in China are abundant,about 1/3 of the whole water area which can be used for freshwater aquaculture,as the aquatic environment in reserviors are suitable for various fishes.Since 1950s,freshwater aquaculture has developed rapidly in China.especially after 1979,resulting in substanatial expansion of aquaculture area,significant increase of aquaculture output,and more fish species cultured in more reservoirs.Though aquaculture could reduce nutrient level of reservoirs in some way or the other,the abuse and overuse of fertilization and feed in reservoirs in recent years had caused the deteriation of water bodies,e.g.the outbreak of algal blooms in some reservoirs and/or sub-areas of reservoirs.In order to reduce the pollution load and protect the aquatic environment of reservoirs,sustainable development of reservoir fisheries is necessary.Finally,some bionomic control countermeasures were favorably suggested for the mitigation of negative feedbacks of aquaculture in Chinese reservoirs.