中国长距离调水工程地质问题综述

为解决中国某些地区缺水问题,自20世纪80年代开始,中国已经兴建或规划设计了数十项大型跨流域调水工程。本文汇集了中国现有的20项调水工程资料,基本涵盖了中国境内大部分调水工程。文中介绍了有关工程概况,编制了中国长距离调水工程特征一览表,绘制了调水工程分布图,按照中国地质环境分区分别阐述了各调水工程的地质环境特点,论述了长距离调水工程中常见的工程地质问题,包括:区域地质复杂环境问题、活动性构造及其对洞室稳定的影响、高地应力与围岩稳定问题、高压水头引起的洞室涌水和外水压力对隧洞衬砌影响问题、碎屑流问题、高地温问题、有害气体问题、边坡稳定问题、特殊岩土问题、过河隧洞或大型渡槽问题、矿区塌陷与渗漏问题、岩溶问题等,同时也指出了勘察、设计与和施工中应注意的问题。

AN OVERVIEW OF GEOLOGICAL PROBLEMS ON LONG-DISTANCE WATER DIVERSION PROJECTS IN CHINA

Since 1980s, China has built or planned dozens of large-scale interbasin water diversion projects to resolve the issue of water shortage in some regions. The paper collects most data of the long-distance water diversion projects in China, introduces the general situation, establishes a list of the project characteristics, expounds the geological environmental characteristics, draws a distribution map of the projects, discusses the common engineering geological problems. These problems include complex regional geological environmental problems, active tectonics and their influence on tunnels stability, high crustal stress and rock mass stability, water burst caused by high pressure water, debris flow, high ground temperature, harmful gases, slope stability problem, special rock or soil problems, across the river tunnel or large scale aqueduct, mining subsidence and leakage problems, karst problem. The paper points out the matters that should be paid attention to in survey, design and construction.