日本鳗鲡(Anguilla japonica)精养殖水体生物膜原位修复低碳养殖技术的研究

采用水体中设置弹性填料对比实验的方法,在12口聚乙烯水槽实施淡水精养殖日本鳗鲡,进行对鳗鲡精养殖水体生物膜原位修复节水增效效果、机理及应用前景的研究。结果表明,在207天的养殖期间,生物膜原位修复技术应用处理组的平均日换水率仅1.2%,比对照组显著节水减排74%(P0.01);处理组的主要水质因子pH、DO、TAN、NO2-N、NO3-N、COD等浓度均符合相关的渔业水质标准;处理组的起捕尾重、产量、生长速度分别比对照组高106%(P0.2)、108%(P0.2)和220%(P0.15),饲料系数低于对照组38.4%(P0.1)。此外,处理组弹性填料设置的适宜密度为填料占水体体积的10%。因此,精养殖水体生物膜原位修复技术,具有节水、减排与节能效果显著,投资与运行成本低,环保、低碳、安全,操作简便、易推广等优点。该革新性的生态工程低碳养殖技术对推动我国水产养殖发展方式从高耗费资源型向资源节约与环境友好型转变将产生重大影响。

A STUDY ON THE LOW-CARBON AQUACULTURE TECHNIQUE OF BIOFILM IN-SITU BIOREMEDIATION OF JAPANESE EEL ANGUILLA JAPONICA INTENSIVE AQUACULTURE WATER

To study the effect, mechanism and potential application of the technique of biofilm in-situ bioremediation of eel intensive aquaculture water for saving water and improving production. The experiment was implemented, which included the treatments with polyimide elastic biological stuffing set in tanks for biofilm developed, and the control without stuffing, and used 12 freshwater polyethylene tanks with Japanese eel (Anguilla japonica) intensively cultivating. The results showed, during the 207 days eel cultivation trial, the treatments saved 74% water exchanged than the control significantly (P<0.01), whose average rate of water quantity exchanged per day was only at 1.2%; the concentrations monitored of major water quality parameters in the treatments, as pH, DO, TAN, NO₂-N, NO₃-N and COD, fit related national standards of aquaculture water quality; the treatments increased eel harvest size, yield and growth rate at 106% (P<0.2), 108% (P<0.2) and 220% (P<0.15) respectively, and decreased the feed conversion rate at 38.4% (P<0.1) than the control, moreover, the appropriate density of elastic biological stuffing set was 10% of water body. In conclusion, the low-carbon aquaculture technique of biofilm in-situ bioremediation had advantages, such as significantly saving water and energy, reducing pollution, low investment and work cost, green, low-carbon, safety, convenient operation, and easy for extension. Therefore, the renovation eco-engineering low-carbon, technique would promote the transition of aquaculture development from highly costing resources to saving resources and becoming environment friendly, and have a great prospect.