A new technique to estimate volcanic gas composition: plume measurements with a portable multi-sensor system |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Instituto de Geofísica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Interior s.n., Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico CP 04510, Mexico;2. Geochemical Research Center, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan;1. McGill University, Montreal, Canada;2. OVSICORI, Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica;3. University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA;4. GasLAB, CICANUM, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica;5. INFICON Inc., Syracuse, NY, USA;1. School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-6004, USA;2. Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, sezione di Pisa, I-56126 Pisa, Italy;1. School of Earth, Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences University of Manchester, Williamson Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK;2. Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Catania, Italy;3. Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Naples, Italy;1. University of Sheffield, Dept. of Geography, Winter Street, S10 2TN, UK;2. DiSTeM, Università di Palermo, via Archirafi, 22, 90123 Palermo, Italy;3. Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione di Palermo, Via Ugo La Malfa, 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy;4. Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK;5. Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Osservatorio Etneo, Piazza Roma, 2, 95125,11 Catania, Italy |
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| Abstract: | A portable multi-sensor system was developed to measure volcanic plumes in order to estimate the chemical composition and temperature of volcanic gases. The multi-sensor system consists of a humidity–temperature sensor, SO2 electrochemical sensor, CO2 IR analyzer, pump and flow control units, pressure sensor, data logger, and batteries; the whole system is light (∼5 kg) and small enough to carry in a medium-size backpack. Volcanic plume is a mixture of atmosphere and volcanic gas; therefore volcanic gas composition and temperature can be estimated by subtracting the atmospheric gas background from the plume data. In order to obtain the contrasting data of the plume and the atmosphere, measurements were repeated in and out of the plume. The multi-sensor technique was applied to measure the plume of Tarumae, Tokachi, and Meakan volcanoes, Hokkaido, Japan. Repeated measurements at each volcano gave a consistent composition with ±10–30% errors, depending on the stability of the background atmospheric conditions. Fumarolic gas samples were also collected at the Tokachi volcano by a conventional method, and we found a good agreement (the difference <10%) between the composition estimated by the multi-sensor technique and conventional method. Those results demonstrated that concentration ratios of major volcanic gas species (i.e., H2O, CO2, and SO2) and temperature can be estimated by the new technique without any complicated chemical analyses even for gases emitted from an inaccessible open vent. Estimation of a more detailed gas composition can be also achieved by the combination of alkaline filter techniques to measure Cl/F/S ratios in the plume and other sensors for H2S and H2. |
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