闽江口湿地遥感时空演变应用分析

将闽江口湿地动态变化度、湿地变化转移矩阵和景观生态学的空间格局模型相结合,横、纵向分析了1986- 1994年、1994-2000年两个时期闽江口湿地的动态演变模式。研究表明,在两个时期不同的社会政策和经济发展阶段,人类活动对闽江口湿地的干扰强度与对象不同,造成两个时期不同的湿地演变模式。在1986-1994年间景观类型动态变化,以水田面积的扩张为主导,在1994-2000年间景观类型动态变化突出表现为城乡建筑用地对水田、非湿地农业的占用。在1986-2000年间,湿地景观中,人工水域破碎度增加,破碎化速度提高,形状更加复杂化;水田破碎度和形状复杂度都由增加向减弱转变;天然水域破碎度减小,形状复杂程度由减少变为增加;滩地破碎度由减少变为增加,形状复杂化由增加转向减少。在中、小时间尺度范围内,人类活动是影响闽江口湿地演变的主要原因之一,特别是近10多年来社会经济的高速发展,城镇化进程的加速,人类活动成为影响闽江口湿地的最主要原因。

Research on Dynamic Change Pattern of the Minjiang River Estuary Wetland by Remote Sensing and GIS

The dynamic change measurement, transferring matrix of the dynamic change, and its spatial distribution indication of the landscape in Minjiang River Estuary wetland are critical issues for study on the dynamic change pattern of the wetland in different periods of time. Classification and information extraction of the wetlands in the present research are resulted from the remote sensed TM imagery in the imaging years of 1986, 1994 and 2000 respectively. In this paper, dynamic change for each classified type of wetlands is measured in terms of area; transferring matrix of the dynamic changes is formulated and model of transferring probability based on it is established; and applying the fragmentation index, mean landscape fractal dimension, and landscape diversity index, the spatial distribution structure of the wetlands is figured out. Combining these issues above, the dynamic change process of Minjiang River Estuary wetland has been analyzed for the periods of 1986 to 1994 and 1994 to 2000. The results indicate that the dynamic change pattern of the wetland in two periods are different due to the human activities imposed on it, which is highly associated with the local economic development level from time to time. It comes to conclusion that the wetland conservation plan in Minjiang River Estuary should take into consideration of the human activities affected on it in the progress of urbanization.