基于实际灾情的青海高原雪灾等级（评估）指标研究

利用1951—2008年青海高原雪灾实际灾情资料,通过统计计算各年份雪灾造成的牲畜死亡率,并进行排序,参照了计算SPI(标准化降水指数)不同等级干旱在全部干旱中所占比例的过程,确定了不同雪灾等级的阈值,制订了基于实际灾情的雪灾指标。并对几次典型雪灾过程进行评估检验,结果表明:本研究确定的雪灾等级与DB63雪灾标准基本一致。在青海高原牧区,用雪灾造成的实际牲畜死亡率来确定雪灾等级指标,评估雪灾受灾程度,是一种较为科学和具有很好的现实指导意义的新方法。

Indexes for Assessing Snow Disasters over Qinghai Plateau Based on Actual Snow Disasters

Based on the actual snow disaster data over the Qinghai plateau from 1951 to 2008,the mortality rates of live-stock caused by snow disasters are calculated,referring to the proportion of droughts of various levels in SPI（Standardized Precipitation Index） calculation to determine the threshold values for the snow disaster of a certain level.The indexes for snow disasters are devised based on the actual disasters and tested on several typical snow disasters.The results show that the indexes are in accord with the standards of DB63.In the pasturing area of the Qinghai plateau,it is a more reasonable and practical method to establish the indexes of snow disasters and to determine the level of a snow disaster by using the mortality rate of livestock caused by snow disasters.