Encapsulation of limestone waste in concrete after arsenic removal from drinking water

Arsenic is one of the many naturally occurring contaminants in drinking water. Although various treatment technologies can remove arsenic, most suffer from a common problem of disposal of arsenic-enriched waste after treatment. This project focused on improving a limestone-based disposal technique by encapsulating the arsenic-enriched limestone waste in concrete. The research work determined the compressive strengths of the concrete cubes prepared using treated limestone after arsenic removal and determined the amount of leaching from the arsenic-encapsulated concrete. The removal of arsenic was done with batch experiments using 0.5–1 mm sized Minnekahta Limestone. The efficiency of the limestone in removing arsenic ranged from 85.9 to 95.5%. The amount of arsenic adsorbed onto the surface of each gram of limestone ranged from 0.8 to 3.9 μg. Compressive strength results of concrete cubes prepared by incorporating arsenic-enriched limestone showed typical strength curves at 1, 3, 7 and 28 days. Leaching of arsenic was less than 0.05 mg/L, which is 1/100 of the US Environmental Protection Agency’s standard for disposal of arsenic in a landfill. Hence, encapsulating the arsenic-enriched limestone in concrete has potential for recycling the waste material, thereby reducing disposal costs of the limestone-based removal method.