Zoospores of Undaria pinnatifida: their efficiency to attach under different water velocities and conjugation behavior during attachment

In the invading course of Undaria pinnatifida,zoospore attachment in a dynamically changed subtidal water environment is crucial for the establishment of a potential population in alien waters.Among many abiotic factors that may interfere with the attachment process,water velocity is the most important one.In this investigation,the effect of water velocity on zoospore attachment of U.pinnatifida was investigated in an artificially designed system.It was found that freshly released zoospores that were transported by water flowing at 0 ～ 16 cm/s showed no difficulty in attaching the smooth surface.Zoospore attachment decreased at elevated water flowing rates.At 70 cm/s no spore attachment occurred.Spores that have settled on glass slide for up to 1 h could not be stripped away by flowing water at a rate of 129 cm/s,the same was true of the 20 d old filamentous gametophytes.It was found that more than 70% of free-swimming zoospores tended to settle down adjacent to the settled spores and formed conjugated clusters from two up to a few hundred cells in still culture.